Fundies Final Study Guide-Latest 2020(Very Reliable)

Fundies Final Study Guide 1. SMART Approach pg. 245 ● Specific- Should be precise when evaluating a patient’s response to a nursing intervention during the evaluation phase of the nursing process. Each goal and outcome addresses ONLY one behavior, perception, or physiological response. ● Measurable- Need to able to measure or observe if change takes place in a patient’s status. Do not use vague qualifiers such as “normal”, “acceptable”, or “stable” in an expected outcome statement. Terms describing quality, quantity frequency, length, or weight allow you to evaluate outcomes precisely. ● Attainable- Patient must be able to attain the outcomes of care that are set. A goal and outcome are usually attainable when mutually set with the patient. This ensures that a patient and nurse agree on the direction and time limits of care. Always consider patient’s desires to recover and their physical and psychological condition to set goals and outcomes to which they can agree. ● Realistic- Set goals and expected outcome that a patient is able to realistically reach. To establish realistic goals, assess the resources of a patient, health care facility, and family. Setting realistic goals and outcomes often requires communication of goals to caregivers (who will assume responsibility for patient care). Realistic goals give patients a sense of hope. ● Timed- Each goals and outcome is time limited so the health care team has a common time frame for problem resolution. Time frames help you and a patient determine if the patient is making progress at a reasonable rate. If not, you must revise the plan of care. Time frames also promote accountability in delivering and managing nursing care. EX: By discharge, by end of shift, etc. 2. Constipation and nursing interventions PG. 1152 ● Constipation can be caused by improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications. Signs of constipation include: infrequent bowel movements (less than three per week) and hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. Constipation is a significant source of discomfort. Assess the need for interventions before defecation becomes pain or the stool is impacted. Nursing interventions for constipation: ● Encourage fluid intake of appropriate fluids, fruit juice, and water. –Will soften stool, 1500mL ● Encourage activity within patient’s mobility regimen. –Increases peristalsis ● Instruct patient to eat more fruits, veggies, and bran cereals for breakfast. –Adds fiber to diet ● Provide stimulant laxative and stool softeners as ordered. –Increases peristalsis, promote normal bowel function and used on short term basis. ● Encourage patient to establish a regular defecation schedule. –A regular time for bowl movements encourage normal bowel function.