BIOL 3200 Final Exam 2 (Auburn
Yohannes) Questions with Detailed
Answers 2026/2027.
algae - Answer photoautotrophs that produce biomass through photosynthesis
mixotrophic - Answer what are protist algae? an example would be single-celled Euglena
passive transport - Answer transport across a membrane that requires no energy; simple and
facilitated diffusion
active transport - Answer transport across a membrane that requires energy; coupled
transport with ABC transporters
facilitated diffusion - Answer helps solutes move across a membrane from a region of high to
low concentration; does not require energy and cannot move a molecule against its gradient;
EX: the aquaporin family that transports water and small polar molecules such as glycerol
coupled transport systems - Answer those in which energy released by moving a driving ion
down its gradient is used to move a solute up its gradient
symport - Answer a coupled transport system where the two molecules travel in the same
direction
antiport - Answer a coupled transport system where the actively transported molecule moves
in the direction opposite to the driving ion
ABC transporters - Answer powered by ATP; the largest family of energy-driven transport
systems is the ATP-binding cassette superfamily
uptake ABC transporters - Answer critical for transporting nutrients
efflux ABC transporters - Answer generally used as multi drug efflux pumps
siderophores - Answer specialized molecules secreted to bind ferric ion and transport into the
cell -- the iron is released into the cytoplasm and reduced to the more useful ferrous form.
,separately in a pure culture - Answer for a detailed study on microbes in nature, where must
they be grown?
liquid or broth - Answer a culture media bacteria are grown in; useful for studying the growth
characteristics of a pure culture
solid, usually gelled with agar - Answer a culture media bacteria are grown in; useful for trying
to separate mixed cultures from clinical specimens or natural environments
dilution streaking - Answer a technique to isolate pure colonies by dragging a loop across the
surface of an agar plate
spread plate - Answer a technique to isolate pure colonies by tenfold serial dilutions that are
preformed on a liquid culture; a small amount of each dilution is plated
complex media - Answer media that are nutrient rich but poorly defined
synthetic media - Answer media that are precisely defined
enriched media - Answer media that are complex to which specific blood components are
added
selective media - Answer media that favor the growth of one organism over another
differential media - Answer media that exploit differences between two species that grow
equally well
by placing dilutions on a special microscope slide, called a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber -
Answer how can microorganisms be counted directly?
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) - Answer "Fluorescent" cells are passed through a
small orifice and then past a laser; detecters measure light scatter in the forward direction
(measure of particle side) and to the side (particle shape or granularity)
viable bacterium - Answer defined as being capable of replicating and forming a colony on a
solid medium
pour plate method - Answer method used to count viable bacteria cells
, cell mass, protein content, metabolic rate, and measuring optical density - Answer what
biochemical assays can microorganisms be counted indirectly?
binary fission - Answer most bacteria divide this way; where one parent cell splits into two
equal daughter cells
Hyphomicrobium - Answer divides by budding
growth rate - Answer proportional to the population size at a given time
exponential growth - Answer growth rate is sometimes called this because it generated an
exponential curve
generation time - Answer the time it takes for a population to double
batch culture - Answer a liquid medium within a closed system
culture bacteria in a batch culture - Answer what is the simplest way to model the effects of a
changing environment?
continuous culture - Answer all cells in a population achieve a steady state, which allows
detailed study of bacterial physiology
chemostat - Answer ensures logarithmic growth by constantly adding and removing equal
amounts of culture media; the human gastrointestinal tract is engineered much like this
biofilms - Answer in nature, bacteria formed: specialized, surface attached communities; can
be constructed by one or multiple species and can form on a range of organic or inorganic
surfaces
bacterial biofilms - Answer form when nutrients are plentiful
individuals detach from the community to forage for new sources of nutrients - Answer what
happens when bacterial biofilms become low on nutrients?
biofilms in nature - Answer can take many different forms and serve different functions for
different species
Yohannes) Questions with Detailed
Answers 2026/2027.
algae - Answer photoautotrophs that produce biomass through photosynthesis
mixotrophic - Answer what are protist algae? an example would be single-celled Euglena
passive transport - Answer transport across a membrane that requires no energy; simple and
facilitated diffusion
active transport - Answer transport across a membrane that requires energy; coupled
transport with ABC transporters
facilitated diffusion - Answer helps solutes move across a membrane from a region of high to
low concentration; does not require energy and cannot move a molecule against its gradient;
EX: the aquaporin family that transports water and small polar molecules such as glycerol
coupled transport systems - Answer those in which energy released by moving a driving ion
down its gradient is used to move a solute up its gradient
symport - Answer a coupled transport system where the two molecules travel in the same
direction
antiport - Answer a coupled transport system where the actively transported molecule moves
in the direction opposite to the driving ion
ABC transporters - Answer powered by ATP; the largest family of energy-driven transport
systems is the ATP-binding cassette superfamily
uptake ABC transporters - Answer critical for transporting nutrients
efflux ABC transporters - Answer generally used as multi drug efflux pumps
siderophores - Answer specialized molecules secreted to bind ferric ion and transport into the
cell -- the iron is released into the cytoplasm and reduced to the more useful ferrous form.
,separately in a pure culture - Answer for a detailed study on microbes in nature, where must
they be grown?
liquid or broth - Answer a culture media bacteria are grown in; useful for studying the growth
characteristics of a pure culture
solid, usually gelled with agar - Answer a culture media bacteria are grown in; useful for trying
to separate mixed cultures from clinical specimens or natural environments
dilution streaking - Answer a technique to isolate pure colonies by dragging a loop across the
surface of an agar plate
spread plate - Answer a technique to isolate pure colonies by tenfold serial dilutions that are
preformed on a liquid culture; a small amount of each dilution is plated
complex media - Answer media that are nutrient rich but poorly defined
synthetic media - Answer media that are precisely defined
enriched media - Answer media that are complex to which specific blood components are
added
selective media - Answer media that favor the growth of one organism over another
differential media - Answer media that exploit differences between two species that grow
equally well
by placing dilutions on a special microscope slide, called a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber -
Answer how can microorganisms be counted directly?
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) - Answer "Fluorescent" cells are passed through a
small orifice and then past a laser; detecters measure light scatter in the forward direction
(measure of particle side) and to the side (particle shape or granularity)
viable bacterium - Answer defined as being capable of replicating and forming a colony on a
solid medium
pour plate method - Answer method used to count viable bacteria cells
, cell mass, protein content, metabolic rate, and measuring optical density - Answer what
biochemical assays can microorganisms be counted indirectly?
binary fission - Answer most bacteria divide this way; where one parent cell splits into two
equal daughter cells
Hyphomicrobium - Answer divides by budding
growth rate - Answer proportional to the population size at a given time
exponential growth - Answer growth rate is sometimes called this because it generated an
exponential curve
generation time - Answer the time it takes for a population to double
batch culture - Answer a liquid medium within a closed system
culture bacteria in a batch culture - Answer what is the simplest way to model the effects of a
changing environment?
continuous culture - Answer all cells in a population achieve a steady state, which allows
detailed study of bacterial physiology
chemostat - Answer ensures logarithmic growth by constantly adding and removing equal
amounts of culture media; the human gastrointestinal tract is engineered much like this
biofilms - Answer in nature, bacteria formed: specialized, surface attached communities; can
be constructed by one or multiple species and can form on a range of organic or inorganic
surfaces
bacterial biofilms - Answer form when nutrients are plentiful
individuals detach from the community to forage for new sources of nutrients - Answer what
happens when bacterial biofilms become low on nutrients?
biofilms in nature - Answer can take many different forms and serve different functions for
different species
