NR601 FINAL EXAM PREP: PRIMARY
CARE OF THE MATURING AND AGED
FAMILY PRACTICUM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. An 82-year-old female presents with acute onset confusion, visual hallucinations, and a
fluctuating level of consciousness. Her daughter states she was ‘normal’ two days ago. Which
of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Delirium
C. Vascular Dementia
D. Depression
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course,
and disturbances in consciousness and attention, whereas dementia has a gradual onset
and stable level of consciousness.
2. According to the Beers Criteria, which of the following medications should be avoided in
elderly patients due to its high risk of orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic effects?
A. Amitriptyline
,B. Amlodipine
C. Lisinopril
D. Metformin
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant with strong
anticholinergic properties and a high risk for orthostatic hypotension, which increases fall
risk in the elderly.
3. When evaluating an older adult for frailty using the Fried Phenotype criteria, which of the
following is NOT one of the five components?
A. Cognitive impairment
B. Self-reported exhaustion
C. Unintentional weight loss
D. Slow walking speed
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Fried criteria for frailty include weight loss, exhaustion, low
physical activity, slow walking speed, and weak grip strength. Cognitive impairment is a
separate geriatric syndrome.
, 4. A 78-year-old male with a history of HFrEF (EF 30%) and Stage 3 CKD presents for follow-
up. Which medication class, while standard for HF, requires the most cautious monitoring of
potassium and renal function in this patient?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Loop diuretics
C. Aldosterone antagonists
D. Statins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone antagonists (like Spironolactone) carry a high risk
of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with existing CKD and heart failure.
5. What is the recommended blood pressure target for a healthy 70-year-old patient
according to the ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines?
A. <120/80 mmHg
B. <130/80 mmHg
C. <140/90 mmHg
D. <150/90 mmHg
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The ACC/AHA guidelines generally recommend a target of
<130/80 mmHg for all adults, including the elderly, provided they are not excessively frail.
CARE OF THE MATURING AND AGED
FAMILY PRACTICUM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. An 82-year-old female presents with acute onset confusion, visual hallucinations, and a
fluctuating level of consciousness. Her daughter states she was ‘normal’ two days ago. Which
of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Delirium
C. Vascular Dementia
D. Depression
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course,
and disturbances in consciousness and attention, whereas dementia has a gradual onset
and stable level of consciousness.
2. According to the Beers Criteria, which of the following medications should be avoided in
elderly patients due to its high risk of orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic effects?
A. Amitriptyline
,B. Amlodipine
C. Lisinopril
D. Metformin
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant with strong
anticholinergic properties and a high risk for orthostatic hypotension, which increases fall
risk in the elderly.
3. When evaluating an older adult for frailty using the Fried Phenotype criteria, which of the
following is NOT one of the five components?
A. Cognitive impairment
B. Self-reported exhaustion
C. Unintentional weight loss
D. Slow walking speed
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Fried criteria for frailty include weight loss, exhaustion, low
physical activity, slow walking speed, and weak grip strength. Cognitive impairment is a
separate geriatric syndrome.
, 4. A 78-year-old male with a history of HFrEF (EF 30%) and Stage 3 CKD presents for follow-
up. Which medication class, while standard for HF, requires the most cautious monitoring of
potassium and renal function in this patient?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Loop diuretics
C. Aldosterone antagonists
D. Statins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone antagonists (like Spironolactone) carry a high risk
of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with existing CKD and heart failure.
5. What is the recommended blood pressure target for a healthy 70-year-old patient
according to the ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines?
A. <120/80 mmHg
B. <130/80 mmHg
C. <140/90 mmHg
D. <150/90 mmHg
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The ACC/AHA guidelines generally recommend a target of
<130/80 mmHg for all adults, including the elderly, provided they are not excessively frail.
