NUR 209 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST 2026 /
2027), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient presents with a pH of 7.32, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Metabolic Acidosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
indicates a respiratory cause. Since the HCO3 is normal, it is uncompensated respiratory
acidosis.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of the ‘Golden Hour’ in a patient
experiencing hypovolemic shock?
A. Increased urine output
B. Bradycardia
,C. Hypertension
D. Altered mental status and tachycardia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism for low
volume, and altered mental status reflects decreased cerebral perfusion.
3. A patient is prescribed Digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding should lead the
nurse to withhold the medication?
A. Serum potassium level of 4.8 mEq/L
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
C. Respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute
D. Apical pulse of 52 beats per minute
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the heart rate. It should
be held if the apical pulse is less than 60 bpm in adults to prevent further bradycardia.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s
signs?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
, D. Hyponatremia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
these clinical signs (carpal spasm and facial twitching).
5. When caring for a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which
oxygen delivery instruction is critical?
A. Maintain SpO2 at 100% at all times
B. Administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask
C. Titrate oxygen to maintain SpO2 between 88% and 92%
D. Use a Venturi mask at 50% FiO2 regardless of status
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Patients with COPD often rely on a hypoxic drive to breathe.
Excess oxygen can suppress this drive, leading to CO2 retention.
6. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL.
What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer Glucagon IM or Dextrose 50% IV
B. Administer 10 units of regular insulin
C. Encourage the patient to drink orange juice
D. Check the patient’s HbA1c
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST 2026 /
2027), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient presents with a pH of 7.32, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Metabolic Acidosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
indicates a respiratory cause. Since the HCO3 is normal, it is uncompensated respiratory
acidosis.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of the ‘Golden Hour’ in a patient
experiencing hypovolemic shock?
A. Increased urine output
B. Bradycardia
,C. Hypertension
D. Altered mental status and tachycardia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism for low
volume, and altered mental status reflects decreased cerebral perfusion.
3. A patient is prescribed Digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding should lead the
nurse to withhold the medication?
A. Serum potassium level of 4.8 mEq/L
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
C. Respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute
D. Apical pulse of 52 beats per minute
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the heart rate. It should
be held if the apical pulse is less than 60 bpm in adults to prevent further bradycardia.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s
signs?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
, D. Hyponatremia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
these clinical signs (carpal spasm and facial twitching).
5. When caring for a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which
oxygen delivery instruction is critical?
A. Maintain SpO2 at 100% at all times
B. Administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask
C. Titrate oxygen to maintain SpO2 between 88% and 92%
D. Use a Venturi mask at 50% FiO2 regardless of status
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Patients with COPD often rely on a hypoxic drive to breathe.
Excess oxygen can suppress this drive, leading to CO2 retention.
6. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 45 mg/dL.
What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer Glucagon IM or Dextrose 50% IV
B. Administer 10 units of regular insulin
C. Encourage the patient to drink orange juice
D. Check the patient’s HbA1c
