NSG120 NURSING FOUNDATIONS
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative and experiencing sudden shortness of
breath and chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Assess the client’s oxygen saturation levels
B. Administer prescribed pain medication
C. Notify the rapid response team
D. Perform a complete head-to-toe assessment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
framework, assessing the client’s oxygenation status is the priority when a client presents
with respiratory distress.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an obese client. Which of
the following needle lengths should the nurse choose to ensure the medication reaches the
muscle tissue?
A. 5/8 inch
,B. 1 inch
C. 2 inches
D. 1.5 inches
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an obese client, a longer needle (1.5 to 2 inches) is required
to penetrate the subcutaneous fat layer and reach the muscle tissue.
3. A client with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L is admitted to the unit. Which of the following
is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Check the client’s blood pressure
B. Encourage oral intake of fluids
C. Administer a potassium-wasting diuretic
D. Initiate cardiac monitoring
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) places the client at high
risk for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias; therefore, cardiac monitoring is the
immediate priority.
4. Which ethical principle is a nurse demonstrating when they uphold a client’s right to refuse
a recommended medical treatment?
A. Autonomy
, B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the client to make their own
decisions about their medical care, even if those decisions conflict with the medical team’s
advice.
5. A nurse is teaching a student about the use of the incentive spirometer. Which statement
by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
A. ‘The client should inhale deeply and slowly through the mouthpiece.’
B. ‘The client should hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds at the peak of inspiration.’
C. ‘The client should blow forcefully into the device to raise the indicator.’
D. ‘The client should perform this 5 to 10 times every hour while awake.’
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The incentive spirometer is used for sustained maximal
inspiration, not expiration. Forcefully blowing into the device is incorrect.
6. When assessing a client for orthostatic hypotension, which of the following findings
indicates the condition is present?
A. A decrease in systolic BP of 10 mmHg when standing
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative and experiencing sudden shortness of
breath and chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Assess the client’s oxygen saturation levels
B. Administer prescribed pain medication
C. Notify the rapid response team
D. Perform a complete head-to-toe assessment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
framework, assessing the client’s oxygenation status is the priority when a client presents
with respiratory distress.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an obese client. Which of
the following needle lengths should the nurse choose to ensure the medication reaches the
muscle tissue?
A. 5/8 inch
,B. 1 inch
C. 2 inches
D. 1.5 inches
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an obese client, a longer needle (1.5 to 2 inches) is required
to penetrate the subcutaneous fat layer and reach the muscle tissue.
3. A client with a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L is admitted to the unit. Which of the following
is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Check the client’s blood pressure
B. Encourage oral intake of fluids
C. Administer a potassium-wasting diuretic
D. Initiate cardiac monitoring
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) places the client at high
risk for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias; therefore, cardiac monitoring is the
immediate priority.
4. Which ethical principle is a nurse demonstrating when they uphold a client’s right to refuse
a recommended medical treatment?
A. Autonomy
, B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the client to make their own
decisions about their medical care, even if those decisions conflict with the medical team’s
advice.
5. A nurse is teaching a student about the use of the incentive spirometer. Which statement
by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
A. ‘The client should inhale deeply and slowly through the mouthpiece.’
B. ‘The client should hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds at the peak of inspiration.’
C. ‘The client should blow forcefully into the device to raise the indicator.’
D. ‘The client should perform this 5 to 10 times every hour while awake.’
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The incentive spirometer is used for sustained maximal
inspiration, not expiration. Forcefully blowing into the device is incorrect.
6. When assessing a client for orthostatic hypotension, which of the following findings
indicates the condition is present?
A. A decrease in systolic BP of 10 mmHg when standing
