NSG120 NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS (LATEST ), (A+
GUARANTEE).
1. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of right-sided heart failure?
A. Pulmonary edema and crackles
B. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
C. Peripheral edema and jugular venous distention
D. Orthopnea and pink frothy sputum
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion,
manifesting as peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and JVD, whereas left-sided failure affects
the lungs.
2. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed respiratory
acidosis. Which mechanism is the body using to compensate?
A. Increasing the respiratory rate to blow off CO2
B. Increasing the renal excretion of hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate
C. Decreasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys
,D. Hyperventilating to increase oxygen saturation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by excreting
excess H+ and reabsorbing/producing HCO3- to increase the pH.
3. What is the primary underlying cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Obesity-linked downregulation of insulin receptors
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by an absolute insulin
deficiency due to autoimmune-mediated destruction of the beta cells in the Islets of
Langerhans.
4. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of a Tension Pneumothorax?
A. Air enters the pleural space but cannot escape, causing a shift of the mediastinum
B. Air enters the pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration
C. Fluid accumulates in the pleural space, compressing the lung
D. Collapse of alveoli due to lack of surfactant
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A tension pneumothorax acts as a one-way valve, allowing air in
but not out, leading to increased intrathoracic pressure and mediastinal shift, which is a
medical emergency.
5. In the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), what is the primary effect of
Angiotensin II?
A. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate
B. Increased renal excretion of sodium
C. Inhibition of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D. Potent vasoconstriction and stimulation of aldosterone release
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that increases blood
pressure and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
6. A patient presents with a TSH level of 12.5 mIU/L (High) and a low T4 level. Which
condition does this reflect?
A. Primary Hyperthyroidism
B. Primary Hypothyroidism
C. Secondary Hypothyroidism
D. Graves Disease
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS (LATEST ), (A+
GUARANTEE).
1. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of right-sided heart failure?
A. Pulmonary edema and crackles
B. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
C. Peripheral edema and jugular venous distention
D. Orthopnea and pink frothy sputum
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion,
manifesting as peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and JVD, whereas left-sided failure affects
the lungs.
2. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed respiratory
acidosis. Which mechanism is the body using to compensate?
A. Increasing the respiratory rate to blow off CO2
B. Increasing the renal excretion of hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate
C. Decreasing the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys
,D. Hyperventilating to increase oxygen saturation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by excreting
excess H+ and reabsorbing/producing HCO3- to increase the pH.
3. What is the primary underlying cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Obesity-linked downregulation of insulin receptors
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by an absolute insulin
deficiency due to autoimmune-mediated destruction of the beta cells in the Islets of
Langerhans.
4. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of a Tension Pneumothorax?
A. Air enters the pleural space but cannot escape, causing a shift of the mediastinum
B. Air enters the pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration
C. Fluid accumulates in the pleural space, compressing the lung
D. Collapse of alveoli due to lack of surfactant
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A tension pneumothorax acts as a one-way valve, allowing air in
but not out, leading to increased intrathoracic pressure and mediastinal shift, which is a
medical emergency.
5. In the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), what is the primary effect of
Angiotensin II?
A. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate
B. Increased renal excretion of sodium
C. Inhibition of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D. Potent vasoconstriction and stimulation of aldosterone release
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that increases blood
pressure and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
6. A patient presents with a TSH level of 12.5 mIU/L (High) and a low T4 level. Which
condition does this reflect?
A. Primary Hyperthyroidism
B. Primary Hypothyroidism
C. Secondary Hypothyroidism
D. Graves Disease
