NSG 120 EXAM 2 V3 | NURSING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. Which mechanism best explains why patients with chronic renal failure often develop
secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A. Excessive excretion of calcium by the failing kidneys
B. Hypophosphatemia causing direct stimulation of the parathyroid gland
C. Decreased activation of Vitamin D leading to hypocalcemia
D. Hypercalcemia resulting from bone resorption
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In renal failure, the kidneys cannot convert Vitamin D to its
active form (calcitriol), which leads to decreased calcium absorption in the gut. The
resulting hypocalcemia stimulates the parathyroid glands to release PTH.
,2. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L and neurological symptoms.
What is the primary physiological concern regarding rapid correction of this imbalance?
A. Central pontine myelinolysis
B. Cerebral edema
C. Acute tubular necrosis
D. Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Rapidly correcting severe hyponatremia can cause osmotic
demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis) due to sudden shifts of water out
of brain cells.
3. During the cellular stage of acute inflammation, which process describes the movement of
leukocytes toward the area of injury following a chemical gradient?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Emigration
C. Margination
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Chemotaxis is the dynamic and directed movement of white
blood cells toward the site of injury in response to chemical mediators such as cytokines.
, 4. A patient’s ABG results are: pH 7.25, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L. Which condition
does this represent?
A. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
B. Compensated metabolic acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
D. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause), and
HCO3 is high (indicating the kidneys are attempting to compensate, but the pH is not yet
normal).
5. What is the characteristic cell type found in a lymph node biopsy of a patient with Hodgkin
lymphoma?
A. Bence-Jones cells
B. Philadelphia cells
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Blast cells
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, multinucleated B cells that are
the hallmark diagnostic feature of Hodgkin lymphoma.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. Which mechanism best explains why patients with chronic renal failure often develop
secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A. Excessive excretion of calcium by the failing kidneys
B. Hypophosphatemia causing direct stimulation of the parathyroid gland
C. Decreased activation of Vitamin D leading to hypocalcemia
D. Hypercalcemia resulting from bone resorption
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In renal failure, the kidneys cannot convert Vitamin D to its
active form (calcitriol), which leads to decreased calcium absorption in the gut. The
resulting hypocalcemia stimulates the parathyroid glands to release PTH.
,2. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L and neurological symptoms.
What is the primary physiological concern regarding rapid correction of this imbalance?
A. Central pontine myelinolysis
B. Cerebral edema
C. Acute tubular necrosis
D. Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Rapidly correcting severe hyponatremia can cause osmotic
demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis) due to sudden shifts of water out
of brain cells.
3. During the cellular stage of acute inflammation, which process describes the movement of
leukocytes toward the area of injury following a chemical gradient?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Emigration
C. Margination
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Chemotaxis is the dynamic and directed movement of white
blood cells toward the site of injury in response to chemical mediators such as cytokines.
, 4. A patient’s ABG results are: pH 7.25, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L. Which condition
does this represent?
A. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
B. Compensated metabolic acidosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
D. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause), and
HCO3 is high (indicating the kidneys are attempting to compensate, but the pH is not yet
normal).
5. What is the characteristic cell type found in a lymph node biopsy of a patient with Hodgkin
lymphoma?
A. Bence-Jones cells
B. Philadelphia cells
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Blast cells
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, multinucleated B cells that are
the hallmark diagnostic feature of Hodgkin lymphoma.
