NRS 445 Exam 4 V1 | NRS 445 Nursing Research
and Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NRS445 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon
University
1. When formulating a clinical question using the PICOT format, what does the ‘T’ represent?
A. Time
B. Test
C. Treatment
D. Target
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In the PICOT mnemonic, ‘T’ stands for Time, which specifies the duration or
timeframe required to observe an outcome. This element is crucial because it helps
researchers define the scope of the clinical study and the period over which the
intervention’s effects are measured. Without a defined time frame, results may be
misinterpreted or difficult to compare across different clinical settings.
2. Which of the following are considered core principles of the Belmont Report regarding
ethical research involving human subjects? (Select all that apply)
A. Justice
B. Beneficence
C. Profitability
,D. Respect for Persons
E. Informed Consent
F. Confidentiality
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies three fundamental ethical principles: Justice,
Beneficence, and Respect for Persons. Justice ensures that the burdens and benefits of
research are distributed fairly among participants. Beneficence requires researchers to
maximize potential benefits while minimizing harm, and Respect for Persons ensures that
individuals are treated as autonomous agents with the right to informed consent.
3. A nurse researcher is studying the lived experience of patients surviving a sudden cardiac
arrest. Which qualitative research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Phenomenology
D. Historical Research
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research design focused on understanding
the ‘lived experience’ of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. It aims to describe
the essence of human experience through the participants’ own perspectives. This
, approach is ideal for exploring complex emotional or physical events like surviving a
cardiac arrest.
4. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
B. To ensure the study has statistical significance
C. To fund nursing research projects
D. To help researchers publish their findings
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The main function of the IRB is to review research proposals to ensure they
meet ethical standards and protect human subjects. They evaluate the risk-benefit ratio
and ensure that informed consent processes are adequate. The IRB serves as a safeguard
against unethical practices in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
5. A researcher uses a p-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. If the resulting p-
value is 0.03, what does this indicate?
A. The results are statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected.
B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to error.
C. The results are not significant and the null hypothesis is accepted.
D. The study has a high degree of clinical significance regardless of the p-value.
Correct Answer: A
and Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NRS445 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon
University
1. When formulating a clinical question using the PICOT format, what does the ‘T’ represent?
A. Time
B. Test
C. Treatment
D. Target
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In the PICOT mnemonic, ‘T’ stands for Time, which specifies the duration or
timeframe required to observe an outcome. This element is crucial because it helps
researchers define the scope of the clinical study and the period over which the
intervention’s effects are measured. Without a defined time frame, results may be
misinterpreted or difficult to compare across different clinical settings.
2. Which of the following are considered core principles of the Belmont Report regarding
ethical research involving human subjects? (Select all that apply)
A. Justice
B. Beneficence
C. Profitability
,D. Respect for Persons
E. Informed Consent
F. Confidentiality
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies three fundamental ethical principles: Justice,
Beneficence, and Respect for Persons. Justice ensures that the burdens and benefits of
research are distributed fairly among participants. Beneficence requires researchers to
maximize potential benefits while minimizing harm, and Respect for Persons ensures that
individuals are treated as autonomous agents with the right to informed consent.
3. A nurse researcher is studying the lived experience of patients surviving a sudden cardiac
arrest. Which qualitative research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Phenomenology
D. Historical Research
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research design focused on understanding
the ‘lived experience’ of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. It aims to describe
the essence of human experience through the participants’ own perspectives. This
, approach is ideal for exploring complex emotional or physical events like surviving a
cardiac arrest.
4. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
B. To ensure the study has statistical significance
C. To fund nursing research projects
D. To help researchers publish their findings
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The main function of the IRB is to review research proposals to ensure they
meet ethical standards and protect human subjects. They evaluate the risk-benefit ratio
and ensure that informed consent processes are adequate. The IRB serves as a safeguard
against unethical practices in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
5. A researcher uses a p-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. If the resulting p-
value is 0.03, what does this indicate?
A. The results are statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected.
B. There is a 3% chance that the results are due to error.
C. The results are not significant and the null hypothesis is accepted.
D. The study has a high degree of clinical significance regardless of the p-value.
Correct Answer: A
