PSYC 242 Practice Exam Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons proposed by Lilienfeld that laypeople do not
consider psychology a "science?"
A. Individuals believe that daily life experiences and commonsense are adequate training in
psychology.
B. Individuals believe that the label "science" should only be reserved for chemistry, biology,
and physics.
C. The majority of individuals do not agree that psychology uses scientific methods to
understand the way people behave.
D. Psychology is viewed as having less rigorous scientific standards than other "hard
sciences."
B
Which of the following best describes the Cardinal Principle of McFall's Manifesto?
A. Clinical Psychology is only a legitimate field if it is founded in science.
B. Only clinical psychologists who are trained in medical schools should be qualified to
practice clinical psychology.
C. Clinical Psychology should be divided into 2 subfields - Scientific Clinical Psychology and
Applied Clinical Psychology.
D. Clinical Psychology needs to more seamlessly integrate Ph.D. programs and Psy.D.
programs.
A
Psychotherapy outcome studies that are interested in how well they work in the "real-world"
are examining the therapy's ______________.
A. efficacy.
B. effectiveness.
C. internal validity.
D. idiography.
B
Tommy was referred for treatment for ADHD. His psychologist recommended gathering
baseline data on his behaviors, providing him with medication and evaluating his behaviors,
, removing the medication to reevaluate his behavior, and then providing him with medication
again and evaluating his behavior. This "outcome study" best reflects which design?
A. quasi-experiment
B. analogue
C. meta-analysis
D. ABAB
D
Efficacy is to _______________ as effectiveness is to _________________.
A. within-groups design; between-groups design
B. between-groups design; within-groups design
C. internal validity; external validity
D. external validity; internal validity
C
McFall proposes that untested clinical services should be
A. forbidden from use since they are not scientifically valid
B. forbidden from use to avoid making a mockery of the field of clinical psychology
C. administered to the public only under controlled experimental conditions
D. administered only after they have been tested on animals first
C
Which of the following statements best represents Lilienfeld's argument that eliminative
reductionism has undermined the scientific value of the field of psychology as a whole?
A. Neuroscience can explain everything related to thoughts, emotions, and behaviors; so,
other subfields of psychology are superfluous.
B. There is no need for psychology because everything about humans can be explained by
common sense.
C. Psychologists have been reduced to only studying "soft sciences" so their contributions are
irrelevant.
D. There is a reduction in the need for psychological services because medical doctors are
capable of handling all psychopathology.
A
Case studies take which of the following approaches to studying clinical phenomena?
A. Analogue
B. Cross-sectional
Correct Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons proposed by Lilienfeld that laypeople do not
consider psychology a "science?"
A. Individuals believe that daily life experiences and commonsense are adequate training in
psychology.
B. Individuals believe that the label "science" should only be reserved for chemistry, biology,
and physics.
C. The majority of individuals do not agree that psychology uses scientific methods to
understand the way people behave.
D. Psychology is viewed as having less rigorous scientific standards than other "hard
sciences."
B
Which of the following best describes the Cardinal Principle of McFall's Manifesto?
A. Clinical Psychology is only a legitimate field if it is founded in science.
B. Only clinical psychologists who are trained in medical schools should be qualified to
practice clinical psychology.
C. Clinical Psychology should be divided into 2 subfields - Scientific Clinical Psychology and
Applied Clinical Psychology.
D. Clinical Psychology needs to more seamlessly integrate Ph.D. programs and Psy.D.
programs.
A
Psychotherapy outcome studies that are interested in how well they work in the "real-world"
are examining the therapy's ______________.
A. efficacy.
B. effectiveness.
C. internal validity.
D. idiography.
B
Tommy was referred for treatment for ADHD. His psychologist recommended gathering
baseline data on his behaviors, providing him with medication and evaluating his behaviors,
, removing the medication to reevaluate his behavior, and then providing him with medication
again and evaluating his behavior. This "outcome study" best reflects which design?
A. quasi-experiment
B. analogue
C. meta-analysis
D. ABAB
D
Efficacy is to _______________ as effectiveness is to _________________.
A. within-groups design; between-groups design
B. between-groups design; within-groups design
C. internal validity; external validity
D. external validity; internal validity
C
McFall proposes that untested clinical services should be
A. forbidden from use since they are not scientifically valid
B. forbidden from use to avoid making a mockery of the field of clinical psychology
C. administered to the public only under controlled experimental conditions
D. administered only after they have been tested on animals first
C
Which of the following statements best represents Lilienfeld's argument that eliminative
reductionism has undermined the scientific value of the field of psychology as a whole?
A. Neuroscience can explain everything related to thoughts, emotions, and behaviors; so,
other subfields of psychology are superfluous.
B. There is no need for psychology because everything about humans can be explained by
common sense.
C. Psychologists have been reduced to only studying "soft sciences" so their contributions are
irrelevant.
D. There is a reduction in the need for psychological services because medical doctors are
capable of handling all psychopathology.
A
Case studies take which of the following approaches to studying clinical phenomena?
A. Analogue
B. Cross-sectional
