BSN HESI 266 MED SURG EXAM V1
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen
at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The nurse notes that the client’s respiratory rate is 8
breaths/min and they are becoming lethargic. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min.
B. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation.
C. Encourage the client to use an incentive spirometer.
D. Stop the oxygen and notify the healthcare provider.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In COPD clients, high levels of oxygen can suppress the
respiratory drive (hypoxic drive). A respiratory rate of 8 and lethargy indicate CO2
narcosis. The nurse should reduce or stop the oxygen and notify the provider immediately.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a thyroidectomy 24 hours ago. The client
complains of tingling in the fingers and around the mouth. Which action should the nurse
take first?
A. Check the client’s potassium level.
,B. Increase the IV fluid rate.
C. Administer a dose of levothyroxine.
D. Assess for Chvostek’s sign.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tingling around the mouth and fingers (paresthesia) are early
signs of hypocalcemia, often caused by accidental damage to the parathyroid glands during
thyroidectomy. Assessing Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign is the priority to confirm tetany.
3. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory result should
the nurse expect to be significantly elevated?
A. Serum amylase
B. Serum creatinine
C. Serum potassium
D. Serum calcium
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Serum amylase and lipase are the primary biochemical markers
for acute pancreatitis, as they are released into the bloodstream when pancreatic cells are
injured.
, 4. The nurse is assessing a client with Cushing’s syndrome. Which clinical manifestation is
most characteristic of this condition?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperpigmentation and tachycardia
C. Exophthalmos and tremors
D. Central obesity and moon face
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess cortisol, leading to
characteristic fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity) and skin
changes like purple striae.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is found unconscious with a blood glucose level of 45
mg/dL. The nurse should prepare to administer which medication?
A. Regular insulin IV
B. Normal Saline bolus
C. Metformin orally
D. Glucagon IM or SubQ
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an unconscious client with severe hypoglycemia, Glucagon
or IV Dextrose (D50) is the emergency treatment to rapidly raise blood glucose.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen
at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The nurse notes that the client’s respiratory rate is 8
breaths/min and they are becoming lethargic. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min.
B. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation.
C. Encourage the client to use an incentive spirometer.
D. Stop the oxygen and notify the healthcare provider.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In COPD clients, high levels of oxygen can suppress the
respiratory drive (hypoxic drive). A respiratory rate of 8 and lethargy indicate CO2
narcosis. The nurse should reduce or stop the oxygen and notify the provider immediately.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a thyroidectomy 24 hours ago. The client
complains of tingling in the fingers and around the mouth. Which action should the nurse
take first?
A. Check the client’s potassium level.
,B. Increase the IV fluid rate.
C. Administer a dose of levothyroxine.
D. Assess for Chvostek’s sign.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tingling around the mouth and fingers (paresthesia) are early
signs of hypocalcemia, often caused by accidental damage to the parathyroid glands during
thyroidectomy. Assessing Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign is the priority to confirm tetany.
3. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory result should
the nurse expect to be significantly elevated?
A. Serum amylase
B. Serum creatinine
C. Serum potassium
D. Serum calcium
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Serum amylase and lipase are the primary biochemical markers
for acute pancreatitis, as they are released into the bloodstream when pancreatic cells are
injured.
, 4. The nurse is assessing a client with Cushing’s syndrome. Which clinical manifestation is
most characteristic of this condition?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperpigmentation and tachycardia
C. Exophthalmos and tremors
D. Central obesity and moon face
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess cortisol, leading to
characteristic fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity) and skin
changes like purple striae.
5. A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is found unconscious with a blood glucose level of 45
mg/dL. The nurse should prepare to administer which medication?
A. Regular insulin IV
B. Normal Saline bolus
C. Metformin orally
D. Glucagon IM or SubQ
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For an unconscious client with severe hypoglycemia, Glucagon
or IV Dextrose (D50) is the emergency treatment to rapidly raise blood glucose.
