,BIOL 251 Module 3 | Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab
Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. Which statement accurately describes the function of the skeletal system?
A) Production of insulin and other hormones
B) Filtration of waste products from the blood
C) Support, protection, and movement
D) Exchange of gases in the lungs
Correct Answer: Support, protection, and movement
Rationale: The skeletal system provides structural support to the body, protects vital
organs such as the brain and heart, and works with muscles to enable movement. It
also stores minerals and produces blood cells. The other options are functions of the
endocrine, urinary, and respiratory systems.
2. What is the term for the process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone
marrow?
A) Hemostasis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Hemolysis
D) Hemoglobin synthesis
Correct Answer: Hematopoiesis
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets, primarily occurring in red bone marrow. Hemostasis is blood clotting,
,hemolysis is red blood cell destruction, and hemoglobin synthesis occurs within
developing red blood cells.
3. Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
A) Short bone
B) Flat bone
C) Irregular bone
D) Long bone
Correct Answer: Long bone
Rationale: The femur is a long bone characterized by its length being greater than
its width, with a shaft (diaphysis) and two expanded ends (epiphyses). Long bones
include the bones of the limbs and serve as levers for movement.
4. The diaphysis of a long bone refers to which structure?
A) The expanded end of a long bone
B) The growth plate found in children
C) The shaft or main cylindrical portion
D) The thin membrane covering the outer surface
Correct Answer: The shaft or main cylindrical portion
Rationale: The diaphysis is the long central shaft of a long bone composed primarily
of compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity. The epiphyses are the expanded
ends, and the periosteum is the outer membrane.
5. The periosteum is best described as which of the following?
, A) The inner lining of the medullary cavity
B) The cartilage found at articulating surfaces
C) The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
D) The region where bone growth in length occurs
Correct Answer: The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
Rationale: The periosteum is a dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering
all outer bone surfaces except articular cartilage. It contains osteoblasts for bone
growth and repair. The endosteum lines the medullary cavity.
6. Which bone cells are responsible for bone resorption?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoclasts
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone
resorption, breaking down bone tissue to release minerals into the blood.
Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain the matrix, and chondrocytes are
cartilage cells.
7. Which bone cells are responsible for depositing new bone matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
Exam Q&A | Portage Learning
1. Which statement accurately describes the function of the skeletal system?
A) Production of insulin and other hormones
B) Filtration of waste products from the blood
C) Support, protection, and movement
D) Exchange of gases in the lungs
Correct Answer: Support, protection, and movement
Rationale: The skeletal system provides structural support to the body, protects vital
organs such as the brain and heart, and works with muscles to enable movement. It
also stores minerals and produces blood cells. The other options are functions of the
endocrine, urinary, and respiratory systems.
2. What is the term for the process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone
marrow?
A) Hemostasis
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Hemolysis
D) Hemoglobin synthesis
Correct Answer: Hematopoiesis
Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets, primarily occurring in red bone marrow. Hemostasis is blood clotting,
,hemolysis is red blood cell destruction, and hemoglobin synthesis occurs within
developing red blood cells.
3. Which type of bone is the femur classified as?
A) Short bone
B) Flat bone
C) Irregular bone
D) Long bone
Correct Answer: Long bone
Rationale: The femur is a long bone characterized by its length being greater than
its width, with a shaft (diaphysis) and two expanded ends (epiphyses). Long bones
include the bones of the limbs and serve as levers for movement.
4. The diaphysis of a long bone refers to which structure?
A) The expanded end of a long bone
B) The growth plate found in children
C) The shaft or main cylindrical portion
D) The thin membrane covering the outer surface
Correct Answer: The shaft or main cylindrical portion
Rationale: The diaphysis is the long central shaft of a long bone composed primarily
of compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity. The epiphyses are the expanded
ends, and the periosteum is the outer membrane.
5. The periosteum is best described as which of the following?
, A) The inner lining of the medullary cavity
B) The cartilage found at articulating surfaces
C) The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
D) The region where bone growth in length occurs
Correct Answer: The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone
Rationale: The periosteum is a dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering
all outer bone surfaces except articular cartilage. It contains osteoblasts for bone
growth and repair. The endosteum lines the medullary cavity.
6. Which bone cells are responsible for bone resorption?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Osteoclasts
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone
resorption, breaking down bone tissue to release minerals into the blood.
Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes maintain the matrix, and chondrocytes are
cartilage cells.
7. Which bone cells are responsible for depositing new bone matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
