1|Page
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Study
Guide 2026/2027 – Midterm & Final Review
Prepare for NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology with this
comprehensive exam study guide covering Weeks 1-8.
Includes midterm and final review questions, detailed
rationales, and key topics like immune response,
hypersensitivity, hematologic disorders, anemias, obstructive
and restrictive lung diseases, urinary system pathologies,
UTIs, GI and neurobiological function, and endocrine
disorders. Essential for MSN and NP students. Searchable
keywords: NR507, Chamberlain, advanced pathophysiology,
exam prep.
1. Which immunoglobulin mediates type I hypersensitivity?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
C. IgE
Rationale: IgE binds mast cells and triggers histamine release.
2. Which anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Pernicious
C. Aplastic
D. Thalassemia
B. Pernicious
Rationale: Lack of intrinsic factor impairs B12 absorption.
, 2|Page
3. Which lung disease is obstructive?
A. Pulmonary fibrosis
B. COPD
C. Sarcoidosis
D. Asbestosis
B. COPD
Rationale: Airflow limitation occurs from emphysema and chronic
bronchitis.
4. Which organism most commonly causes uncomplicated UTI?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas
D. Candida
B. Escherichia coli
Rationale: E. coli is the most common uropathogen.
5. Which hormone is deficient in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
A. Insulin
Rationale: Autoimmune beta-cell destruction causes absolute insulin
deficiency.
6. Which condition causes hypercoagulability?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Von Willebrand disease
C. Factor V Leiden
D. Thrombocytopenia
C. Factor V Leiden
Rationale: Activated protein C resistance increases clot risk.
, 3|Page
7. Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson disease?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
B. Dopamine
Rationale: Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra occurs.
8. Which acid-base disorder occurs with severe vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Loss of gastric HCl causes loss of hydrogen and chloride.
9. Which cell is the primary mediator of allergic asthma?
A. Neutrophil
B. Mast cell
C. Erythrocyte
D. Platelet
B. Mast cell
Rationale: IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation releases histamine and
leukotrienes.
10. Which cancer is associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
A. Burkitt lymphoma
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Renal cell carcinoma
D. Melanoma
A. Burkitt lymphoma
Rationale: EBV is strongly associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance causes prolonged QT?
A. Hyperkalemia
, 4|Page
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
B. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Low calcium prolongs QT and can cause tetany.
12. Which nephrotic syndrome finding is classic?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Oliguria
D. Pyuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
Rationale: Glomerular injury causes massive protein loss.
13. Which type of shock is caused by sepsis?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Distributive
C. Hypovolemic
D. Obstructive
B. Distributive
Rationale: Vasodilation and maldistribution of blood flow occur.
14. Which disease results from decreased surfactant?
A. Asthma
B. Respiratory distress syndrome
C. COPD
D. Pneumonia
B. Respiratory distress syndrome
Rationale: Lack of surfactant increases alveolar surface tension and
collapse.
15. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Study
Guide 2026/2027 – Midterm & Final Review
Prepare for NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology with this
comprehensive exam study guide covering Weeks 1-8.
Includes midterm and final review questions, detailed
rationales, and key topics like immune response,
hypersensitivity, hematologic disorders, anemias, obstructive
and restrictive lung diseases, urinary system pathologies,
UTIs, GI and neurobiological function, and endocrine
disorders. Essential for MSN and NP students. Searchable
keywords: NR507, Chamberlain, advanced pathophysiology,
exam prep.
1. Which immunoglobulin mediates type I hypersensitivity?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG
C. IgE
Rationale: IgE binds mast cells and triggers histamine release.
2. Which anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Pernicious
C. Aplastic
D. Thalassemia
B. Pernicious
Rationale: Lack of intrinsic factor impairs B12 absorption.
, 2|Page
3. Which lung disease is obstructive?
A. Pulmonary fibrosis
B. COPD
C. Sarcoidosis
D. Asbestosis
B. COPD
Rationale: Airflow limitation occurs from emphysema and chronic
bronchitis.
4. Which organism most commonly causes uncomplicated UTI?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas
D. Candida
B. Escherichia coli
Rationale: E. coli is the most common uropathogen.
5. Which hormone is deficient in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
A. Insulin
Rationale: Autoimmune beta-cell destruction causes absolute insulin
deficiency.
6. Which condition causes hypercoagulability?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Von Willebrand disease
C. Factor V Leiden
D. Thrombocytopenia
C. Factor V Leiden
Rationale: Activated protein C resistance increases clot risk.
, 3|Page
7. Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson disease?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
B. Dopamine
Rationale: Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra occurs.
8. Which acid-base disorder occurs with severe vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Loss of gastric HCl causes loss of hydrogen and chloride.
9. Which cell is the primary mediator of allergic asthma?
A. Neutrophil
B. Mast cell
C. Erythrocyte
D. Platelet
B. Mast cell
Rationale: IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation releases histamine and
leukotrienes.
10. Which cancer is associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
A. Burkitt lymphoma
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Renal cell carcinoma
D. Melanoma
A. Burkitt lymphoma
Rationale: EBV is strongly associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance causes prolonged QT?
A. Hyperkalemia
, 4|Page
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
B. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Low calcium prolongs QT and can cause tetany.
12. Which nephrotic syndrome finding is classic?
A. Hematuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
C. Oliguria
D. Pyuria
B. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
Rationale: Glomerular injury causes massive protein loss.
13. Which type of shock is caused by sepsis?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Distributive
C. Hypovolemic
D. Obstructive
B. Distributive
Rationale: Vasodilation and maldistribution of blood flow occur.
14. Which disease results from decreased surfactant?
A. Asthma
B. Respiratory distress syndrome
C. COPD
D. Pneumonia
B. Respiratory distress syndrome
Rationale: Lack of surfactant increases alveolar surface tension and
collapse.
15. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
