,BIO 205 Exam 2 Human Body in Health and Disease II Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which organ performs most filtration of blood and regulation of
water, electrolytes, and metabolic wastes in the urinary system?
A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Urinary bladder
D) Urethra
Correct Answer: A) Kidneys
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid volume, electrolytes,
acid-base balance, and excretion of metabolic wastes.
Q2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Nephron
C) Ureter
D) Calyx
Correct Answer: B) Nephron
Rationale: Each nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and
urine formation.
Q3. Which nephron structure initially filters water and small
dissolved substances from the blood?
A) Loop of Henle
B) Collecting duct
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: C) Renal corpuscle
Rationale: The renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and glomerular
capsule, is the initial site of filtration.
Q4. Blood enters the glomerulus through the:
A) Renal vein
B) Efferent arteriole
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Afferent arteriole
, Correct Answer: D) Afferent arteriole
Rationale: The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerular capillary
network for filtration.
Q5. Which structure carries urine from each kidney to the urinary
bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal artery
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A) Ureter
Rationale: Ureters propel urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Q6. What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?
A) Filter blood
B) Temporarily store urine
C) Produce erythropoietin
D) Regulate blood calcium
Correct Answer: B) Temporarily store urine
Rationale: The urinary bladder serves as a muscular reservoir for urine
before elimination.
Q7. Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the exterior?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Nephron
Correct Answer: C) Urethra
Rationale: The urethra conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the
external environment.
Q8. Which region of the kidney contains many renal corpuscles?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Medulla only
C) Minor calyx
D) Renal cortex
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which organ performs most filtration of blood and regulation of
water, electrolytes, and metabolic wastes in the urinary system?
A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Urinary bladder
D) Urethra
Correct Answer: A) Kidneys
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid volume, electrolytes,
acid-base balance, and excretion of metabolic wastes.
Q2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Nephron
C) Ureter
D) Calyx
Correct Answer: B) Nephron
Rationale: Each nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and
urine formation.
Q3. Which nephron structure initially filters water and small
dissolved substances from the blood?
A) Loop of Henle
B) Collecting duct
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: C) Renal corpuscle
Rationale: The renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and glomerular
capsule, is the initial site of filtration.
Q4. Blood enters the glomerulus through the:
A) Renal vein
B) Efferent arteriole
C) Peritubular capillary
D) Afferent arteriole
, Correct Answer: D) Afferent arteriole
Rationale: The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerular capillary
network for filtration.
Q5. Which structure carries urine from each kidney to the urinary
bladder?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Renal artery
D) Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A) Ureter
Rationale: Ureters propel urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Q6. What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?
A) Filter blood
B) Temporarily store urine
C) Produce erythropoietin
D) Regulate blood calcium
Correct Answer: B) Temporarily store urine
Rationale: The urinary bladder serves as a muscular reservoir for urine
before elimination.
Q7. Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the exterior?
A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Urethra
D) Nephron
Correct Answer: C) Urethra
Rationale: The urethra conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the
external environment.
Q8. Which region of the kidney contains many renal corpuscles?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Medulla only
C) Minor calyx
D) Renal cortex
