,BIO 205 Exam 1 Human Body in Health and Disease II Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which cells are specialized to receive and transmit electrical
signals within the nervous system?
A) Neurons
B) Osteocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Fibroblasts
Correct Answer: A) Neurons
Rationale: Neurons are excitable cells specialized for receiving, processing,
and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.
Q2. Which division consists of the brain and spinal cord?
A) Peripheral nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Somatic motor system
Correct Answer: B) Central nervous system
Rationale: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
and serves as the major integrating center of the nervous system.
Q3. Which part of a neuron usually receives incoming signals from
other cells?
A) Axon terminal
B) Myelin sheath
C) Dendrite
D) Node of Ranvier
Correct Answer: C) Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched neuronal processes specialized primarily
for receiving incoming information.
Q4. What is the principal function of myelin surrounding an axon?
A) Produce neurotransmitters
B) Generate cerebrospinal fluid
C) Detect hormones
D) Increase the speed of electrical impulse conduction
, Correct Answer: D) Increase the speed of electrical impulse conduction
Rationale: Myelin electrically insulates axons and permits rapid saltatory
conduction between nodes of Ranvier.
Q5. Which structure carries nerve impulses away from the neuron's
cell body?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Nucleus
D) Soma membrane only
Correct Answer: A) Axon
Rationale: Axons conduct action potentials away from the neuronal cell
body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Q6. Neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to
receptors across the:
A) Ventricle
B) Synapse
C) Meninges
D) Central canal
Correct Answer: B) Synapse
Rationale: Chemical neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and interact
with receptors on a target cell.
Q7. Which brain region is especially important for conscious
thought, voluntary movement, sensation, language, and memory?
A) Medulla oblongata
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) Spinal cord
Correct Answer: C) Cerebrum
Rationale: The cerebrum contains cortical regions responsible for higher
cognitive processing, voluntary motor control, sensory interpretation, and
memory.
Q8. Which brain structure plays a major role in coordination of
movement and balance?
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which cells are specialized to receive and transmit electrical
signals within the nervous system?
A) Neurons
B) Osteocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Fibroblasts
Correct Answer: A) Neurons
Rationale: Neurons are excitable cells specialized for receiving, processing,
and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.
Q2. Which division consists of the brain and spinal cord?
A) Peripheral nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Somatic motor system
Correct Answer: B) Central nervous system
Rationale: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
and serves as the major integrating center of the nervous system.
Q3. Which part of a neuron usually receives incoming signals from
other cells?
A) Axon terminal
B) Myelin sheath
C) Dendrite
D) Node of Ranvier
Correct Answer: C) Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched neuronal processes specialized primarily
for receiving incoming information.
Q4. What is the principal function of myelin surrounding an axon?
A) Produce neurotransmitters
B) Generate cerebrospinal fluid
C) Detect hormones
D) Increase the speed of electrical impulse conduction
, Correct Answer: D) Increase the speed of electrical impulse conduction
Rationale: Myelin electrically insulates axons and permits rapid saltatory
conduction between nodes of Ranvier.
Q5. Which structure carries nerve impulses away from the neuron's
cell body?
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Nucleus
D) Soma membrane only
Correct Answer: A) Axon
Rationale: Axons conduct action potentials away from the neuronal cell
body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Q6. Neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to
receptors across the:
A) Ventricle
B) Synapse
C) Meninges
D) Central canal
Correct Answer: B) Synapse
Rationale: Chemical neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and interact
with receptors on a target cell.
Q7. Which brain region is especially important for conscious
thought, voluntary movement, sensation, language, and memory?
A) Medulla oblongata
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) Spinal cord
Correct Answer: C) Cerebrum
Rationale: The cerebrum contains cortical regions responsible for higher
cognitive processing, voluntary motor control, sensory interpretation, and
memory.
Q8. Which brain structure plays a major role in coordination of
movement and balance?
