This NUR 254 Exam 1 2026/2027 study resource contains 150+ exam questions, correct answers, clinical concepts, assessments, diagnostic procedures, medications, nursing interventions, and patient-teaching points across 68 pages. The material provides an extensive review of neurological nursing, including neurological assessment, cranial nerves, altered levels of consciousness, traumatic brain injury, intracranial pressure, stroke, spinal cord injury, meningitis, seizures, hydrocephalus, pediatric neurological disorders, neuromuscular diseases, nursing professional practice, and selected hearing and eye disorders. The document itself is clearly labeled “NUR 254 Exam #1 2026/2027 – Exam Questions and Correct Answers | New Update” on page 1, despite the uploaded filename containing “EXA2.”
The opening section concentrates on neurological assessment and altered levels of consciousness. Students review obtundation, stupor, delirium, dementia, dysarthria, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, and global aphasia. The material identifies changes in level of consciousness and pupils as important early neurological findings and covers all twelve cranial nerves, including their names and selected bedside assessments. Additional neurological assessment procedures include the cold caloric test, Doll's eye test, lumbar puncture, Glasgow Coma Scale, EEG, CT, MRI, and cerebral tissue perfusion concepts.
A substantial portion addresses head injuries and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The document distinguishes depressed, linear/hairline, and basilar skull fractures and reviews characteristic findings such as raccoon eyes, Battle's sign, CSF leakage, altered LOC, and swelling. Students also compare cerebral contusion and concussion and examine major intracranial bleeding patterns, including epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Epidural hematoma is emphasized as an emergency involving rapid neurological deterioration and possible lucid intervals, while acute and chronic subdural hematomas are differentiated according to their presentation.
The study material provides detailed coverage of intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus. Students review increased-ICP manifestations, Cushing's triad of hypertension, bradycardia, and bradypnea, cerebral perfusion, diagnostic testing, and treatment approaches represented in the course notes. Nursing interventions include frequent neurological assessment, airway maintenance, head-of-bed positioning, neutral neck alignment, ABG monitoring, seizure precautions, reduction of environmental stimulation, and monitoring for CSF leakage. Medications and interventions listed in the document include mannitol, loop diuretics, steroids, anticonvulsants, stool softeners, surgery, CSF drainage, and ICP monitoring.
Another major section focuses on cerebrovascular accidents and stroke nursing. The resource distinguishes TIA, embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke and reviews right-hemisphere, left-hemisphere, and brainstem manifestations. General stroke findings include hemiplegia, hemiparesis, flaccidity, spasticity, and dysphagia, with post-stroke concerns including depression, memory problems, urinary retention, and constipation. The material emphasizes establishing time/last-known-well, obtaining CT imaging to evaluate for bleeding, neurological monitoring, rehabilitation, and thrombolytic treatment when applicable according to the criteria presented in the document. NIH stroke scoring and selected exclusions for tPA are also reviewed.
The spinal-neurological section covers spinal cord injury, spinal shock, autonomic dysreflexia, cervical and lumbar disc herniation, and abnormal posturing. Emergency spinal care emphasizes maintaining neutral alignment and avoiding unnecessary movement. Students review respiratory support, immobilization, fluids and electrolytes, Foley and NG management, medications, and prevention of progressive neurological damage. The document also differentiates decorticate and decerebrate posturing and provides postoperative considerations for cervical and lumbar fusion procedures.
The resource extensively reviews Guillain-Barré syndrome, Bell's palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, meningitis, encephalitis, and seizure disorders. Guillain-Barré is characterized in the notes by ascending weakness and potential respiratory compromise, while Bell's palsy is associated with cranial nerve VII and unilateral facial paralysis. Meningitis review includes nuchal rigidity, photophobia, Brudzinski's sign, Kernig's sign, seizures, lumbar puncture, cultures, and antimicrobial management. Seizure content distinguishes focal, absence, generalized, and tonic-clonic seizures and addresses seizure threshold, aura, postictal care, long-term anticonvulsants, status epilepticus, airway priorities, EEG, laboratory studies, CT, LP, and other diagnostic testing represented in the source.
Pediatric neurological content includes hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, spina bifida, and encephalocele. Hydrocephalus material covers communicating versus noncommunicating forms, causes, bulging fontanels, enlarged head circumference, sunset sign, CT/MRI, shunts, and pre- and postoperative nursing assessments. Spina bifida is differentiated into occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele, with nursing priorities involving protection of the sac, prone positioning, avoiding diaper contamination, and monitoring for increased ICP. Cerebral palsy content emphasizes abnormal muscle tone and coordination with delayed gross-motor development.
The later neurological chapters examine major chronic and progressive neurological and neuromuscular disorders, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and Huntington's disease. Parkinson's material covers tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, shuffling gait, levodopa-carbidopa, and patient teaching. MS is differentiated into relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, and secondary progressive patterns. ALS material addresses progressive neuronal degeneration and respiratory compromise, while Duchenne muscular dystrophy emphasizes progressive loss of mobility.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) receives particularly detailed coverage. Students review diplopia, ptosis, muscle weakness, diagnostic procedures such as the Tensilon test, pulmonary-function testing and EMG, and interventions including thymectomy, plasmapheresis, neostigmine, and pyridostigmine as represented in the notes. The resource distinguishes myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis and emphasizes aspiration precautions, respiratory support, medication adherence, and mobility as nursing priorities. Huntington's disease is subsequently reviewed through progressive dementia, choreiform movements, depression, impulsiveness, dysphagia, and supportive management.
The document also includes a professional-practice section covering nursing as a profession, nursing education, accreditation, licensure, certification, and boards of nursing. Topics include the scientific and professional foundations of nursing, accelerated BSN education, state approval versus voluntary accreditation, ACEN, protection of the public as a board-of-nursing responsibility, licensure by examination versus endorsement, and optional specialty certifications.
The concluding pages expand into hearing and eye assessment and disorders. Hearing content covers the whisper and Rinne tests, audiometry, tympanogram, auditory brainstem response, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, cerumen impaction, foreign bodies, external otitis, acute and serous otitis media, chronic otitis media, and Ménière's disease. Eye-related material includes fluorescein testing, tonometry, mydriatics, cycloplegics, and postoperative cataract-care instructions such as avoiding heavy lifting, using prescribed eye drops, monitoring unexpected pain, and wearing an eye shield as directed.
Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant for NUR 254 students preparing for Exam 1 in the 2026/2027 academic year, especially nursing students studying medical-surgical nursing, adult health nursing, neurological nursing, pediatric nursing, neurology, stroke care, spinal cord injury, seizure management, neurodegenerative disorders, neuromuscular disorders, sensory disorders, and professional nursing practice. It is especially useful for students who need exam-focused practice on cranial nerves, neuro assessment, ICP, TBI, stroke, meningitis, seizures, hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease, MS, ALS, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, hearing disorders, and eye care. The uploaded document does not identify a university or institution, so a university name cannot accurately be included at the end of the title.
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