,BIO 204 Exam 2 Human Body in Health and Disease I Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which function is performed by the skeletal system?
A) Support, protection, movement assistance, mineral storage, and blood cell
formation
B) Production of digestive enzymes
C) Regulation of blood glucose through insulin secretion
D) Exchange of respiratory gases
Correct Answer: A) Support, protection, movement assistance, mineral
storage, and blood cell formation
Rationale: Bones provide structural support and protection, act as levers for
movement, store minerals, and contain marrow involved in blood cell
production.
Q2. Which cells are primarily responsible for forming new bone
matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: B) Osteoblasts
Rationale: Osteoblasts synthesize and deposit the organic components of
new bone matrix and participate in mineralization.
Q3. Which bone cells primarily break down bone matrix during
remodeling?
A) Osteocytes
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Fibroblasts
Correct Answer: C) Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts resorb bone by breaking down mineralized matrix
during normal remodeling and calcium regulation.
Q4. Mature bone cells located within lacunae are called:
, A) Osteoblasts
B) Chondroblasts
C) Fibrocytes
D) Osteocytes
Correct Answer: D) Osteocytes
Rationale: Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue after
osteoblasts become surrounded by matrix.
Q5. Which type of bone tissue contains osteons arranged around
central canals?
A) Compact bone
B) Spongy bone
C) Cartilage
D) Yellow marrow
Correct Answer: A) Compact bone
Rationale: Compact bone is organized into cylindrical osteons containing
concentric lamellae surrounding central canals.
Q6. Spongy bone is characterized by a network of:
A) Osteons only
B) Trabeculae
C) Tendons
D) Ligaments
Correct Answer: B) Trabeculae
Rationale: Spongy bone consists of trabeculae arranged along lines of
stress while remaining relatively lightweight.
Q7. Which structure covers the external surface of a bone except at
articular surfaces?
A) Endosteum
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Periosteum
D) Synovial membrane
Correct Answer: C) Periosteum
Rationale: The periosteum is a vascular connective-tissue covering that
surrounds most external bone surfaces and contributes to growth and repair.
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which function is performed by the skeletal system?
A) Support, protection, movement assistance, mineral storage, and blood cell
formation
B) Production of digestive enzymes
C) Regulation of blood glucose through insulin secretion
D) Exchange of respiratory gases
Correct Answer: A) Support, protection, movement assistance, mineral
storage, and blood cell formation
Rationale: Bones provide structural support and protection, act as levers for
movement, store minerals, and contain marrow involved in blood cell
production.
Q2. Which cells are primarily responsible for forming new bone
matrix?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: B) Osteoblasts
Rationale: Osteoblasts synthesize and deposit the organic components of
new bone matrix and participate in mineralization.
Q3. Which bone cells primarily break down bone matrix during
remodeling?
A) Osteocytes
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Fibroblasts
Correct Answer: C) Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts resorb bone by breaking down mineralized matrix
during normal remodeling and calcium regulation.
Q4. Mature bone cells located within lacunae are called:
, A) Osteoblasts
B) Chondroblasts
C) Fibrocytes
D) Osteocytes
Correct Answer: D) Osteocytes
Rationale: Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue after
osteoblasts become surrounded by matrix.
Q5. Which type of bone tissue contains osteons arranged around
central canals?
A) Compact bone
B) Spongy bone
C) Cartilage
D) Yellow marrow
Correct Answer: A) Compact bone
Rationale: Compact bone is organized into cylindrical osteons containing
concentric lamellae surrounding central canals.
Q6. Spongy bone is characterized by a network of:
A) Osteons only
B) Trabeculae
C) Tendons
D) Ligaments
Correct Answer: B) Trabeculae
Rationale: Spongy bone consists of trabeculae arranged along lines of
stress while remaining relatively lightweight.
Q7. Which structure covers the external surface of a bone except at
articular surfaces?
A) Endosteum
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Periosteum
D) Synovial membrane
Correct Answer: C) Periosteum
Rationale: The periosteum is a vascular connective-tissue covering that
surrounds most external bone surfaces and contributes to growth and repair.
