American Red Cross First Aid, CPR, And AED (Health Packet Answers) Questions and Answers | Graded A+

American Red Cross First Aid, CPR, And AED (Health Packet Answers) Questions and Answers | Graded A+ List the four steps a lay responder (you) will take in an emergency - answer-1. Recognize that an emergency exists 2. Decide to take action 3. Activate the EMS system 4. Give care consistent with your knowledge + training until EMS arrives + takes over List the four primary ways to RECOGNIZE an emergency - answer-1. Unusual sights 2. Unusual sounds 3. Unusual odors 4. Unusual appearance/behaviors Why might a person not respond to someone who needs help? (List 4 reasons) - answer--panic or fear of doing something wrong -being unsure of the person's condition + what to do -assuming someone else will take action -fear of being sued How can a person prevent disease transmission while providing help? (List 4 reasons) - answer-- wear gloves -avoid contact with bodily fluids-wash your hands thoroughly after giving care -use protective CPR creating barriers What is the reason for the Good Samaritan Laws? - answer-To protect people who voluntarily give care in an emergency situation After you recognize an emergency, decide to act, and activate EMS but BEFORE you give care you must obtain _______, if the victim refuses your help, you should...? - answer-CONSENT; Call EMS and not try to help further What are the three Emergency Action Steps? - answer-Check Call Care What is the most important step you can take to help a person who is unconscious or has some other life threatening condition? - answer-Call for emergency medical help When you are alone, what are the three situations in which you would "Call First"? - answer-- any adult or child about 12 years or older who is unconscious -a child or infant you witnessed suddenly collapse -an unconscious child or infant known to have heart problems When you are alone, what are the two situations in which you would "Care First"? - answer--an unconscious child (younger than 12) who you did not see collapse -any drowning victim List 6 situations where you would call 9-1-1 - answer--unconsciousness/altered level of consciousness-breathing problems -lasting chest pain, discomfort, or pressure -persistent abdominal pain or pressure -severe external breathing -severe/critical burns Do you always call 9-1-1 when an individual becomes injured, no matter how minor? Why/why not? - answer-Not always- you must use your judgement to determine how dire the situation is What are the 3 situations when you would have to move a victim? - answer--when you are faced with immediate danger (the scene is unsafe) -when you have to get to another person with a more serious problem -when it is necessary in order to give proper care (not enough space, need a flat surface for CPR, etc.) ** If a victim is able to talk to you then you know they are breathing and have a pulse (ABC's). Assess the situation. If there aren't any other life threatening conditions (severe bleeding, etc.) find out what happened by asking questions. You follow this "interview" process whenever you deal with a conscious person (ask for consent if the individual is an adult or a child/infant with a parent). - answer-Checking a Conscious Person For the purposes of First Aid, define an adult, child, and infant (a.k.a. how old is each)? - answerAdult: older than 12 years old Child: between the ages of 1 and 12 Infant: younger than 1 year oldHow should you begin the "interview"? - answer-Identify yourself and get the person's consent to give care What are 4 questions you should ask to gain information from a victim? - answer--What happened? -Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere? -Do you have any allergies? -Do you have any medical conditions or are you taking an medications? What is one of the most dangerous threats to a seriously ill or injured person? - answerunnecessary movement What is shock? List 4 signals that might indicate a person is going into shock AND list 4 steps to treat/prevent shock. - answer-SIGNALS: -restlessness or irritability -altered level of consciousness -nausea or vomiting -pale, ashen, or graying, cool, moist skin TREATMENT/PREVENTION: -have the person lie down flat -reassure the person -help the person maintain normal body temperature -do not give the person anything to eat or drink in case their condition is severe Under normal conditions, how long can a person be without oxygen before POSSIBLE brain damage occurs? - answer-4-6 minutesDefine respiratory distress and respiratory arrest: - answer-Distress: a condition in which breathing becomes difficult Arrest: a condition when breathing has stopped List 4 signals that indicate a person is in respiratory distress: - answer--trouble breathing or no breathing -slow or rapid breathing -unusually deep or shallow breathing -gasping for breath What are the two skills used to clear on obstructed airway in conscious choking: - answerAdult/child: let him/her keep coughing Infant: if they cannot cry or breathe, give 5 back blows, then 5 chest thrusts In what situations do you stop giving care to a conscious choking victim? (LIST 3) - answer--EMS takes over -scene becomes unsafe -you are too exhausted to continue Describe the best way to check for responsiveness: - answer-Adult/Child: tap him/her on the shoulder + ask if he/she is ok, speaking loudly Infant: tap the infant's shoulder or flick the bottom of their foot and shoutWhen we come upon an unconscious victim we are able to see if our victim has one of these systems by checking their ____ ____ ____'s (three letters). What do these letters stand for? - answer-ABC's- *A*irway, *B*reathing, *C*irculation In reference to our ABC's, the letter "B" means: What do we *look* for? What do we *listen* for? What do we *feel* for? - answer-Breathing -look for the person's chest clearly rising and falling -listen for escaping air -feel for the escaping air on the side of your face An emergency involving an unconscious child is more likely a _________ emergency. - answerbreathing An emergency involving an unconscious adult is more likely a _______ emergency. - answercardiac What is the purpose of recovery position? What body systems must be working in the victim when you place him/her in the recovery position? (Otherwise you would still be treating the victim!!!!) - answer-To keep the airway open and clear; the respiratory system must be working WHEN can behaviors/habits that may possibly harm the heart and blood vessels begin? - answer-at any ageName four controllable risk factors that increase the risk of heart disease. - answer--smoking -poor diet -high cholesterol/blood pressure -overweight List 5 signals/symptoms of a heart attack. - answer-*These vary from person to person and between men + women, but common signals include:* -chest pain/pressure/discomfort that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes and cannot be relieved -pain may spread to arm(s), upper stomach, back, etc. -pale, graying skin -dizziness or nausea -may feel unusually tired or anxious What common pain reliever can be given to a conscious person suffering a heart attack to reduce the effects of the attack while waiting for EMS to arrive? WHY? - answer-Aspirin because it is a blood thinner + can relieve the blockage in their arteries What is the name of the four step process that increases a victim's chance of survival if followed? List the four steps. - answer-*The Cardiac Chain of Survival* Pediatric: 1. Prevention 2. Early CPR 3. Activation of EMS system 4. Early advanced life support 5. Integrated post cardiac arrest care Adult:1. Recognition of cardiac arrest + activation of EMS 2. Early CPR 3. Early defibrillation 4. Early advanced life support 5. Integrated post cardiac arrest care CPR stands for: - answer-Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation The word "Cardio" is in reference to what organ? - answer-Heart The word "Pulmonary" is in reference to what organ? - answer-Lungs With these two organs in mind, what are you taking over when you perform CPR (a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths) on a victim? - answer-Heartbeat + Breathing WHY is the correct hand positioning important when performing CPR? Give 2 reasons. - answer- -to perform good compressions -to prevent the breaking of a rib CPR chart - answer-Infant Hand Position: Two or three fingers in the center of the chest (on lower half of sternum, just below nipple line) Infant Compression Depth: About 1 ½ inches until the chest clearly rises (about 1 second per breath) Infant Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100 compressions per minute)Infant # of Breaths: 2 rescue breaths per cycle Child Hand Position: Two hands in center of chest (on lower half of sternum) Child Compression Depth: About 2 inches until the chest clearly rises (about 1 second per breath) Child Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100 compressions per minute) Child # of Breaths: 2 rescue breaths per cycle Adult Hand Position: Two hands in center of chest (on lower half of sternum) Adult Compression Depth: About 2 inches until the chest clearly rises (at least 1 second per breath) Adult Compression Rate: 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds (at least 100 compressions per minute) Adult # of Breaths: 2 rescue breaths per cycle What is the difference between CPR and care for an UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING victim? (hint: there is one major modification) - answer-For unconscious choking victims, you must sweep the mouth for objectsWhat does AED stand for? - answer-Automated External Defibrillator By how much is the chance of survival decreased when defibrillation is delayed? - answer-10% every minute What is the first step in AED use? - answer-Turn on the AED There are several AED precautions and guidelines. Briefly list and describe the 6 you feel are the most important? - answer--Do not use alcohol to wipe the person's chest clean: alcohol is flammable