Advanced Pathophysiology Summer UTA 5315 Test 2027 3
Questions and Answers | Verified | A+
Question 1.
Restrictive disorders
Correct Answer: *unable to breath air in * these ppl have low lung volumes on
PFTs *lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time
during ventilation. *Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis,
bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and pulmonar edema
Question 2.
Obstructive disorders
Correct Answer: *unable to exhale the air that has been inhaled * have high
volumes on PFTs * Examples= asthma and COPD
Question 3.
Infectious Disorders
Correct Answer: * Pneumonia and TB
Question 4.
Non-infectious pulmonary disorder
Correct Answer: pulmonar fibosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension
Question 5.
Acute Respiratory Failure
Correct Answer: * 2 main types= hypoxemia and hypercapnia * may result
from direct injury * may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or
more body systems or organs * may occur post-operatively secondary to
anesthesia or narcotics * in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment
in diffusion which result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2 * most
pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal cord
injuries
• Hypoxemia respiratory failure -✓✓* PaO2 less than or equal to 50mmHg *
from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries *
disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia
Question 6.
Hypercapnic respiratory failure
, Correct Answer: * PaCO2 greater than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate
alveolar ventilation * cause= depression of respiratory function from meds,
abnormal spinal cord, disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular
junction, chest wall injury, COPD, and obstruction or large airways.
Question 7.
Pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * presence of air or gas in the pleural space * air may press
against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse * 2 main types= spontaneous
and secondary * clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea,
dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION
Question 8.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * occurs in males 20-40 years of age that are tall and thin *
may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema * smoking increases the
risk * bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes * may be a
genetic component or family history
Question 9.
Secondary pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * caused by trauma * tension pneumothorax occurs when air
becomes trapped and can't escape * site of injury acts as a one way valve only
letting air in * pt may experiene a complete lung collapse * signs are a
deviated trachea, shortness of breath, and hypotension
• Pulmonary Edema -✓✓* accumulation of water in the pulmonary alveolar
sacs * prevents proper exchange of gas * leads to dyspnea, chest pain, and
hypoxia * may have orthopnea or paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea * pulmonary
edema is most commonly caused by left sided heart failure * LSHF the blood
backs up into the lungs and increases the capillary hydrostatic pressure, this
pushes fluid into the alveolar sacs * other causes are ARDS, inhalation of toxic
gases, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and damaged alveolar
capillaries * ARDS and toxic gases lead to capillary injury and leads to
movement of fluid into the alveolar space
Question 10.
post-obstructive pulmonary edema or re-expansion pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: * occurs afer relieving airway obstruction *patho- inspiration
against an occluded airway creates creates excessive intrathoracic negative
pressure, this creates increased venous return to the right side of the heart
and a decreased outflow of blood from the left side of the heart, this creates
increased pulmonary blood volume and pressure, thus causing pulmonary
Questions and Answers | Verified | A+
Question 1.
Restrictive disorders
Correct Answer: *unable to breath air in * these ppl have low lung volumes on
PFTs *lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time
during ventilation. *Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis,
bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and pulmonar edema
Question 2.
Obstructive disorders
Correct Answer: *unable to exhale the air that has been inhaled * have high
volumes on PFTs * Examples= asthma and COPD
Question 3.
Infectious Disorders
Correct Answer: * Pneumonia and TB
Question 4.
Non-infectious pulmonary disorder
Correct Answer: pulmonar fibosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension
Question 5.
Acute Respiratory Failure
Correct Answer: * 2 main types= hypoxemia and hypercapnia * may result
from direct injury * may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or
more body systems or organs * may occur post-operatively secondary to
anesthesia or narcotics * in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment
in diffusion which result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2 * most
pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal cord
injuries
• Hypoxemia respiratory failure -✓✓* PaO2 less than or equal to 50mmHg *
from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries *
disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia
Question 6.
Hypercapnic respiratory failure
, Correct Answer: * PaCO2 greater than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate
alveolar ventilation * cause= depression of respiratory function from meds,
abnormal spinal cord, disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular
junction, chest wall injury, COPD, and obstruction or large airways.
Question 7.
Pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * presence of air or gas in the pleural space * air may press
against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse * 2 main types= spontaneous
and secondary * clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea,
dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION
Question 8.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * occurs in males 20-40 years of age that are tall and thin *
may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema * smoking increases the
risk * bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes * may be a
genetic component or family history
Question 9.
Secondary pneumothorax
Correct Answer: * caused by trauma * tension pneumothorax occurs when air
becomes trapped and can't escape * site of injury acts as a one way valve only
letting air in * pt may experiene a complete lung collapse * signs are a
deviated trachea, shortness of breath, and hypotension
• Pulmonary Edema -✓✓* accumulation of water in the pulmonary alveolar
sacs * prevents proper exchange of gas * leads to dyspnea, chest pain, and
hypoxia * may have orthopnea or paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea * pulmonary
edema is most commonly caused by left sided heart failure * LSHF the blood
backs up into the lungs and increases the capillary hydrostatic pressure, this
pushes fluid into the alveolar sacs * other causes are ARDS, inhalation of toxic
gases, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and damaged alveolar
capillaries * ARDS and toxic gases lead to capillary injury and leads to
movement of fluid into the alveolar space
Question 10.
post-obstructive pulmonary edema or re-expansion pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: * occurs afer relieving airway obstruction *patho- inspiration
against an occluded airway creates creates excessive intrathoracic negative
pressure, this creates increased venous return to the right side of the heart
and a decreased outflow of blood from the left side of the heart, this creates
increased pulmonary blood volume and pressure, thus causing pulmonary
