Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 4 |
Study Guide, Practice
Questions & Exam
Review
|Guaranteed success|
, causes for CO2 increase -CO2 is being produced but not being exhaled quickly enough
-increase in CO2 by increased metabolism like fever or exercise
-PaCO2 in ABG is increased therefore pH decreases
-as CO2 accumulates, peripheral and central chemoreceptors signal brain to
increase RR
-PaCO2 is influenced by alveolar minute ventilation and CO2 production
-ventilation is influenced by alveolar minute ventilation and Co2 production
-O2 sat decreases because increased CO2 pressure keeps O2 away
alveolar minute ventilation alveolar volume x RR
hypoxemia normal P (A-a) O2 -lungs are working fine but there is problem above airways
(15-20) -altitude
-nitrogen gas poisoning
-fire smoke (O2 displacement)
Alveolar hypoventilation increased P (A-a) O2 not getting enough ventilation into the alveoli, reducing oxygen
(>20) -ex. OD antidepressants slowing RR
fixed with O2 and increased ventilation
causes of hypoxemia with increased P V/Q mismatch
Shunt
Diffusion Defect
V/Q mismatch areas of our lungs that are receiving ventilation are not matched with perfused
areas.
when there is high CO2, pulmonary vessels selectively vasoconstirct so blood
goes where best work is done
low ventilation but normal perfusion because of airway secretions
somewhat hypoxemic but not as severe as shunt
shunt extreme VQ mismatch
severe pneumonia
ARDS
when alveoli is filled with something that should not be there (fluid, blood, or
infection) or alveoli is collapsed (atelectasis) Very hypoxemic
diffusion defect conditions where there is a problem in O2 diffusing into the bloodstream: like
with interstitial lung disease, some sort of irritation, body tries to restore
damage, and fibroblasts lines up on the alveolar walls. other examples are
pulmonary edema, hydrostatic pressure is too great, leaking into interstitial
space
work of breathing - resistance pressure that is required to overcome the resistance to gas flow through the
airway during prespiration
Pathophysiology Exam 4 |
Study Guide, Practice
Questions & Exam
Review
|Guaranteed success|
, causes for CO2 increase -CO2 is being produced but not being exhaled quickly enough
-increase in CO2 by increased metabolism like fever or exercise
-PaCO2 in ABG is increased therefore pH decreases
-as CO2 accumulates, peripheral and central chemoreceptors signal brain to
increase RR
-PaCO2 is influenced by alveolar minute ventilation and CO2 production
-ventilation is influenced by alveolar minute ventilation and Co2 production
-O2 sat decreases because increased CO2 pressure keeps O2 away
alveolar minute ventilation alveolar volume x RR
hypoxemia normal P (A-a) O2 -lungs are working fine but there is problem above airways
(15-20) -altitude
-nitrogen gas poisoning
-fire smoke (O2 displacement)
Alveolar hypoventilation increased P (A-a) O2 not getting enough ventilation into the alveoli, reducing oxygen
(>20) -ex. OD antidepressants slowing RR
fixed with O2 and increased ventilation
causes of hypoxemia with increased P V/Q mismatch
Shunt
Diffusion Defect
V/Q mismatch areas of our lungs that are receiving ventilation are not matched with perfused
areas.
when there is high CO2, pulmonary vessels selectively vasoconstirct so blood
goes where best work is done
low ventilation but normal perfusion because of airway secretions
somewhat hypoxemic but not as severe as shunt
shunt extreme VQ mismatch
severe pneumonia
ARDS
when alveoli is filled with something that should not be there (fluid, blood, or
infection) or alveoli is collapsed (atelectasis) Very hypoxemic
diffusion defect conditions where there is a problem in O2 diffusing into the bloodstream: like
with interstitial lung disease, some sort of irritation, body tries to restore
damage, and fibroblasts lines up on the alveolar walls. other examples are
pulmonary edema, hydrostatic pressure is too great, leaking into interstitial
space
work of breathing - resistance pressure that is required to overcome the resistance to gas flow through the
airway during prespiration
