Chapters 1–3 McGraw Hill
2026 | Study Guide,
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, mental hygiene movement movement to treat mental patients more humanely and to view mental disorders as
medical diseases
psychopathology symptoms that cause mental, emotional, and/or physical pain
continuum model of abnormality model of abnormality that views mental disorders not as categorically different from
"normal" experiences but as lying somewhere along a continuum from healthy,
functional behaviors, thoughts, and feelings to unhealthy, dysfunctional behaviors,
thoughts, and feelings
cultural relativism view that norms among cultures set the standard for what counts as normal
behavior, which implies that abnormal behavior can only be defined relative to these
norms and that no universal definition of abnormality is therefore possible; only
definitions of abnormality relative to a specific culture are possible
unusualness criterion for abnormality that suggests that abnormal behaviors are rare or
unexpected
distress in defining abnormality, the view that behaviors should be considered abnormal only
if the individual suffers distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors
mental illness phrase used to refer to a physical illness that causes severe abnormal thoughts,
behaviors, and feelings
Biological theories theories of abnormality that focus on biological causes of abnormal behaviors
supernatural theories theories that see mental disorders as the result of supernatural forces, such as
divine intervention, curses, demonic possession, and/or personal sins; mental
disorders then can be cured through religious rituals, exorcisms, confessions,
and/or death
trephination procedure in which holes were drilled in the skulls of people displaying abnormal
behavior, presumably to allow evil spirits to depart their bodies; performed in the
Stone Age
psychic epidemics phenomena in which large numbers of people begin to engage in unusual behaviors
that appear to have a psychological origin
moral treatment type of treatment delivered in mental hospitals in which patients were treated with
respect and dignity and were encouraged to exercise self-control