Causes, Perspectives &
Cultural Influences 2026 |
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, What is the difference between risk factors and causes of Risk factors are associated with an increased risk of developing a condition, while
abnormal behavior? causes directly lead to the development of that condition.
Define a risk factor in the context of abnormal behavior. A risk factor is a characteristic associated with an increased risk of developing a
condition.
What are variable risk factors? Risk factors that can be changed.
What are fixed markers? Risk factors that cannot be changed.
What is a causal risk factor? A factor that, when changed, leads to a change in the outcome of interest.
What does the term 'etiology' refer to in abnormal Etiology refers to the causal pattern of abnormal behavior.
psychology?
What is a necessary cause? A characteristic that must exist for a disorder to occur.
What is a sufficient cause? A condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder.
Define a contributory cause. A factor that increases the probability of a disorder developing but is neither
necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur.
What are distal risk factors? Factors that occur early in life but do not show effects for many years.
What are proximal risk factors? Factors that occur shortly before the occurrence of symptoms.
What is a reinforcing contributory cause? A condition that reinforces or maintains maladaptive behavior that is already
occurring.