BIOCHEM C785 FINAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is energy:
Answer: Power derived fro chemical interaction
◉ what are covalent bonds?
Answer: chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
◉ what is an ionic bond?
Answer: bond between positive and negative
◉ what is a hydrogen bond?
Answer: weak bond between positive and negative
◉ with an amino?
Answer: piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
◉ what is a carboyxl?
Answer: piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
,◉ What is hydrophobic?
Answer: Doesn't like water, end with CH
◉ what is hydrophilic?
Answer: Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
◉ what is disulfide bond?
Answer: strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
◉ what are zwitterions?
Answer: amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge
of zero
◉ what is a polypeptide
Answer: polymer of amino acids
◉ What is dehydration synthesis?
Answer: Process of forming peptide bonds
◉ what is hydrolysis?
Answer: adding water to destroy bonds
,◉ what is an alpha helix?
Answer: twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
◉ what is a beta sheet?
Answer: folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
◉ what is denaturation?
Answer: loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs
via extreme salt, temp, pH
◉ what is aggregation?
Answer: clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by
misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS,
Parkinson's
◉ how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
Answer: bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required
and decrease reaction rate
◉ how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
Answer: decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate
, ◉ what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
Answer: enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the
enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product
complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled
◉ how do environmental changes affect enzymes?
Answer: High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing
agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
◉ what is a competitive inhibitor?
Answer: Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding
site
◉ what is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
Answer: Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape =
preventing substrate from binding with enzyme
◉ what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific
inhibitor? A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) ->
D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited.
Answer: Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease
product C. Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created.
◉ what is substrate?
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is energy:
Answer: Power derived fro chemical interaction
◉ what are covalent bonds?
Answer: chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
◉ what is an ionic bond?
Answer: bond between positive and negative
◉ what is a hydrogen bond?
Answer: weak bond between positive and negative
◉ with an amino?
Answer: piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
◉ what is a carboyxl?
Answer: piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
,◉ What is hydrophobic?
Answer: Doesn't like water, end with CH
◉ what is hydrophilic?
Answer: Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
◉ what is disulfide bond?
Answer: strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
◉ what are zwitterions?
Answer: amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge
of zero
◉ what is a polypeptide
Answer: polymer of amino acids
◉ What is dehydration synthesis?
Answer: Process of forming peptide bonds
◉ what is hydrolysis?
Answer: adding water to destroy bonds
,◉ what is an alpha helix?
Answer: twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
◉ what is a beta sheet?
Answer: folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
◉ what is denaturation?
Answer: loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs
via extreme salt, temp, pH
◉ what is aggregation?
Answer: clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by
misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS,
Parkinson's
◉ how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
Answer: bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required
and decrease reaction rate
◉ how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
Answer: decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate
, ◉ what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
Answer: enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the
enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product
complex formed; product is released, enzyme recycled
◉ how do environmental changes affect enzymes?
Answer: High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing
agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
◉ what is a competitive inhibitor?
Answer: Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding
site
◉ what is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
Answer: Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape =
preventing substrate from binding with enzyme
◉ what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific
inhibitor? A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) ->
D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited.
Answer: Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease
product C. Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created.
◉ what is substrate?
