HM PQS CORRECT EXAMS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
Discuss the concept of ORM - ✔✔Operation risk management. (ORM)
-decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase effectiveness by
identifying, assessing, and managing risks.
✔✔Explain the following elements of ORM:
- Identifying Hazards
- Assessing Hazards
- Making Risk Decisions
- Implementing controls
- Supervising - ✔✔- Identifying Hazards: foundation of the risk management process
- Assessing Hazards: identify consequences and potential that affect project goals and
objectiveness.
- Making Risk Decisions: determine risk magnitude.
- Implementing controls: set up plan based on risk level.
- Supervising: monitor, track, and review risks.
"IAMIS"
✔✔What are the 4 principles of ORM? - ✔✔1. Accept risk when benefits outweigh the
cost
2. Accept no unnecessary risk
3. Anticipate and manage risk by planning
4. Make risk decisions at the right level
✔✔Explain the hazards of medical gas cylinder storage in Pt care spaces - ✔✔1. High
pressure hazard: act like a projectile or spin in circles with great force if the cylinder
valve is damaged
2. Flammable gas: possible ignition by ignition sources
3. Oxidizing gas: cause combustible or non-combustible materials to burn hot and bright
4.Displaced oxygen: reducing oxygen concentration below what is needed to support
life.
5.Compressed Gases: Empty cylinders can be easily mistaken as being full
,✔✔discuss the necessary safety precautions and PPE required in the following
situations:
-Chemical precautions and procedure - ✔✔*personnel safety is always important when
responding to OHS spill incidents. If there is more than one option for PPE use, always
employ the higher level of protective equipment.
Procedure:
Neutralization - Concentrated acid and alkaline spills should be neutralized before clean
up procedures can begin. Only weak acids and alkalines should be used to chemically
neutralize spills and ONLY in accordance with the MSDS. Neutralizing agents should be
applied slowly and cautiously at first; as the neutralization proceeds, apply the agent
more generously. Gases and heat are byproducts of the neutralization process and may
cause additional hazards.
1. Acids (pH less than 7.0), in general, are neutralized with baking soda/sodium
bicarbonate or soda ash.
2. Alkalis (pH greater than 7.0), in general, are neutralized with diluted acetic acid.
b. Dilution - Some chemicals can be diluted with water to reduce the hazard, but some
can react with water so refer to the MSDS first. Use fire hoses or buckets to dilute but
do not use high-pressure water on the spill to prevent splashing the HM and
contaminating a larger area.
c. Solids/Viscous Material Clean Up
1. Solids can be swept up using the brush and dustpan from the kit. The squeegee
should be used for cleaning up viscous fluids such as greases.
2. Once the spill has been removed, thoroughly clean all surfaces, brushes, dustpans,
and squeegees of spilled materials using water, solvents or detergents per the MSDS.
3. Decontaminate reusable PPE and return to storage; these include: rubber boots,
butyl gloves, nitrile gloves, goggles, dustpans, etc. If the items cannot be immediately
decontaminated, double bag the items and properly label until decontamination can be
performed. Decontaminate all reusable equipment by washing with non-toxic detergent
or as recommended on the MSDS.
✔✔discuss the necessary safety precautions and PPE required in the following
situations:
-spill precautions and procedure - ✔✔• Procedure upon discovery of spill:
a. Isolate the area (ie. Shut doors, hatches, etc.)
b. Sound alarms (if available)
c. Protect personnel and ship. Evacuate and/or prohibit other from entering the affected
space.
d. Secure power to area if the spilled fluid is, or suspected to be flammable.
e. Notify OOD/CDO, HM Coordinator, and DCC
1. Time of spill recovery
2. Location of the spill by compartment number and name
3. Identification of material, if known
4. Behavior of material (ie. Reactions such as gas, smoke, fire)
5. Source of the spill (ie. Tank, 55-gal drum, container, pump, piping, valve)
,6. Personnel in vicinity of spill
7. Volume of spill
8. Anticipated movement of spill (ie. Moving towards the deck drain)
Liquid spills:
1. Surround the spill area with various sorbents. Leave these sorbents in place until the
rest of the spill has been removed.
2. If needed, place a second row of sorbents on the outside of the bounded spill area.
3. Place sorbent material in the bounded spill area.
4. When sorbents are saturated or the spill has been completely absorbed, use the
tongs, brush, squeegee, and dustpan to pick up the sorbents and place them in a plastic
bag or drum for disposal.
5. Once the spill has been absorbed, thoroughly clean all surfaces of spilled materials
using water, solvents or detergents per the MSDS.
6. ****Decontaminate reusable PPE and return to storage; these include: rubber boots,
nitrile gloves, butyl gloves, goggles, dustpans, etc. If the items cannot be immediately
decontaminated, double bag the items and properly label until decontamination can be
performed. Decontaminate all reusable equipment by washing with non-toxic detergent
or as recommended on the MSDS.******
✔✔Sorbents: spills - ✔✔Sorbents onboard can be divided into two categories: oil
sorbents and universal/ HM sorbents. Oil sorbents may be used on HM spills depending
on the type of HM (refer to the MSDS and sorbent specifications). Sorbents can be used
to clean up neutralized materials as well. Depending on the spill location, certain
sorbents will be more effective than others. Only oil spills can be absorbed from the
water; sorbents should not be used in the water for HM spills.
✔✔PPE
and 4 levels of protective ensembles - ✔✔- PPE - Personnel safety is always
paramount when responding to OHS spill incidents. If there is more than one option for
PPE use, always employ the higher level of protective equipment.
•-Four levels of protective ensembles required for protecting employees working at
hazardous waste sites, treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, or performing
emergency responses involving hazardous materials.
a. Level A is the highest and most protective ensemble selected when the greatest level
of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required.
b. Level B is selected when the highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a
lesser level of skin protection is needed.
c. Level C is worn when concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substances are known
and the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met.
, d. Level D is a work uniform affording minimal protection and used for nuisance
contamination only - escape only respirators are issued as applicable.
✔✔9 groups of Regulated medical waste - ✔✔Nine Groups of Regulated Medical Waste
(RMW):
a. Group 1: cultures, Stocks, and Vaccines
b. Group 2: Pathological Waste
c. Group 3: Blood and Blood Products
d. Group 4 and 7: Sharps
e. Group 5: Animal Waste (from animals exposed to infectious agents during research,
production of biologicals, or testing of pharmaceuticals)
f. Group 6: Isolation Wastes (including bedding from patients or animals from BioSafety
Level 4 agents
g. Group 8: Other (including fluids that are designated by the local infection control
authority)
h. Group 9: Chemotherapy Wastes
✔✔Collection/Segregation of RMW - ✔✔shall be placed in containers, bags, or sharps
containers (as appropriate for the waste) that are either labeled with the universal
biohazard symbol and the word "BIOHAZARD" or red in color.
a. Line containers with plastic bags of sufficient thickness (typically 3 millimeters),
durability, puncture resistance, and burst strength to prevent rupture or leaks. Bags
shall be of sufficient quality and thickness so that a single bag will handle most
situations. Bags shall be labeled or color coded red. Do not overload bags.
b. Dispose of Sharps (used and unused) waste as well as discarded vaccines/vaccine
containers in rigid, puncture resistant sharps containers. Never clip, cut, bend or recap
needles, or overfill sharps containers. Close Sharps containers before removal or
replacement to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling, storage, or
transport.
✔✔packaging and handling RMW - ✔✔Place Sharps containers in a second container
(plastic bag or rigid box) which is labeled and/or color coded. Minimize human exposure
to RMW during transport to treatment or storage areas. Do not transport RMW in chutes
or dumbwaiters.
✔✔Storage of RMW - ✔✔RMW storage must not exceed storage times specified in
current contracts for removal/disposal. If existing local, State, or country rules and
regulations for storage are more stringent, they should be followed. When conflicts exist
between storage retention times, the most stringent storage time limits take
precedence.
✔✔Transportation of RMW - ✔✔Place RMW into rigid, leak-proof containers before
transporting off-site. Containers shall be labeled or color-coded. Comply with Federal,
State, and local laws, regulations, or status of forces agreements for transportation
requirements such as licensing and vehicle labeling.
QUESTIONS SET A+
Discuss the concept of ORM - ✔✔Operation risk management. (ORM)
-decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase effectiveness by
identifying, assessing, and managing risks.
✔✔Explain the following elements of ORM:
- Identifying Hazards
- Assessing Hazards
- Making Risk Decisions
- Implementing controls
- Supervising - ✔✔- Identifying Hazards: foundation of the risk management process
- Assessing Hazards: identify consequences and potential that affect project goals and
objectiveness.
- Making Risk Decisions: determine risk magnitude.
- Implementing controls: set up plan based on risk level.
- Supervising: monitor, track, and review risks.
"IAMIS"
✔✔What are the 4 principles of ORM? - ✔✔1. Accept risk when benefits outweigh the
cost
2. Accept no unnecessary risk
3. Anticipate and manage risk by planning
4. Make risk decisions at the right level
✔✔Explain the hazards of medical gas cylinder storage in Pt care spaces - ✔✔1. High
pressure hazard: act like a projectile or spin in circles with great force if the cylinder
valve is damaged
2. Flammable gas: possible ignition by ignition sources
3. Oxidizing gas: cause combustible or non-combustible materials to burn hot and bright
4.Displaced oxygen: reducing oxygen concentration below what is needed to support
life.
5.Compressed Gases: Empty cylinders can be easily mistaken as being full
,✔✔discuss the necessary safety precautions and PPE required in the following
situations:
-Chemical precautions and procedure - ✔✔*personnel safety is always important when
responding to OHS spill incidents. If there is more than one option for PPE use, always
employ the higher level of protective equipment.
Procedure:
Neutralization - Concentrated acid and alkaline spills should be neutralized before clean
up procedures can begin. Only weak acids and alkalines should be used to chemically
neutralize spills and ONLY in accordance with the MSDS. Neutralizing agents should be
applied slowly and cautiously at first; as the neutralization proceeds, apply the agent
more generously. Gases and heat are byproducts of the neutralization process and may
cause additional hazards.
1. Acids (pH less than 7.0), in general, are neutralized with baking soda/sodium
bicarbonate or soda ash.
2. Alkalis (pH greater than 7.0), in general, are neutralized with diluted acetic acid.
b. Dilution - Some chemicals can be diluted with water to reduce the hazard, but some
can react with water so refer to the MSDS first. Use fire hoses or buckets to dilute but
do not use high-pressure water on the spill to prevent splashing the HM and
contaminating a larger area.
c. Solids/Viscous Material Clean Up
1. Solids can be swept up using the brush and dustpan from the kit. The squeegee
should be used for cleaning up viscous fluids such as greases.
2. Once the spill has been removed, thoroughly clean all surfaces, brushes, dustpans,
and squeegees of spilled materials using water, solvents or detergents per the MSDS.
3. Decontaminate reusable PPE and return to storage; these include: rubber boots,
butyl gloves, nitrile gloves, goggles, dustpans, etc. If the items cannot be immediately
decontaminated, double bag the items and properly label until decontamination can be
performed. Decontaminate all reusable equipment by washing with non-toxic detergent
or as recommended on the MSDS.
✔✔discuss the necessary safety precautions and PPE required in the following
situations:
-spill precautions and procedure - ✔✔• Procedure upon discovery of spill:
a. Isolate the area (ie. Shut doors, hatches, etc.)
b. Sound alarms (if available)
c. Protect personnel and ship. Evacuate and/or prohibit other from entering the affected
space.
d. Secure power to area if the spilled fluid is, or suspected to be flammable.
e. Notify OOD/CDO, HM Coordinator, and DCC
1. Time of spill recovery
2. Location of the spill by compartment number and name
3. Identification of material, if known
4. Behavior of material (ie. Reactions such as gas, smoke, fire)
5. Source of the spill (ie. Tank, 55-gal drum, container, pump, piping, valve)
,6. Personnel in vicinity of spill
7. Volume of spill
8. Anticipated movement of spill (ie. Moving towards the deck drain)
Liquid spills:
1. Surround the spill area with various sorbents. Leave these sorbents in place until the
rest of the spill has been removed.
2. If needed, place a second row of sorbents on the outside of the bounded spill area.
3. Place sorbent material in the bounded spill area.
4. When sorbents are saturated or the spill has been completely absorbed, use the
tongs, brush, squeegee, and dustpan to pick up the sorbents and place them in a plastic
bag or drum for disposal.
5. Once the spill has been absorbed, thoroughly clean all surfaces of spilled materials
using water, solvents or detergents per the MSDS.
6. ****Decontaminate reusable PPE and return to storage; these include: rubber boots,
nitrile gloves, butyl gloves, goggles, dustpans, etc. If the items cannot be immediately
decontaminated, double bag the items and properly label until decontamination can be
performed. Decontaminate all reusable equipment by washing with non-toxic detergent
or as recommended on the MSDS.******
✔✔Sorbents: spills - ✔✔Sorbents onboard can be divided into two categories: oil
sorbents and universal/ HM sorbents. Oil sorbents may be used on HM spills depending
on the type of HM (refer to the MSDS and sorbent specifications). Sorbents can be used
to clean up neutralized materials as well. Depending on the spill location, certain
sorbents will be more effective than others. Only oil spills can be absorbed from the
water; sorbents should not be used in the water for HM spills.
✔✔PPE
and 4 levels of protective ensembles - ✔✔- PPE - Personnel safety is always
paramount when responding to OHS spill incidents. If there is more than one option for
PPE use, always employ the higher level of protective equipment.
•-Four levels of protective ensembles required for protecting employees working at
hazardous waste sites, treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, or performing
emergency responses involving hazardous materials.
a. Level A is the highest and most protective ensemble selected when the greatest level
of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required.
b. Level B is selected when the highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a
lesser level of skin protection is needed.
c. Level C is worn when concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substances are known
and the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met.
, d. Level D is a work uniform affording minimal protection and used for nuisance
contamination only - escape only respirators are issued as applicable.
✔✔9 groups of Regulated medical waste - ✔✔Nine Groups of Regulated Medical Waste
(RMW):
a. Group 1: cultures, Stocks, and Vaccines
b. Group 2: Pathological Waste
c. Group 3: Blood and Blood Products
d. Group 4 and 7: Sharps
e. Group 5: Animal Waste (from animals exposed to infectious agents during research,
production of biologicals, or testing of pharmaceuticals)
f. Group 6: Isolation Wastes (including bedding from patients or animals from BioSafety
Level 4 agents
g. Group 8: Other (including fluids that are designated by the local infection control
authority)
h. Group 9: Chemotherapy Wastes
✔✔Collection/Segregation of RMW - ✔✔shall be placed in containers, bags, or sharps
containers (as appropriate for the waste) that are either labeled with the universal
biohazard symbol and the word "BIOHAZARD" or red in color.
a. Line containers with plastic bags of sufficient thickness (typically 3 millimeters),
durability, puncture resistance, and burst strength to prevent rupture or leaks. Bags
shall be of sufficient quality and thickness so that a single bag will handle most
situations. Bags shall be labeled or color coded red. Do not overload bags.
b. Dispose of Sharps (used and unused) waste as well as discarded vaccines/vaccine
containers in rigid, puncture resistant sharps containers. Never clip, cut, bend or recap
needles, or overfill sharps containers. Close Sharps containers before removal or
replacement to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling, storage, or
transport.
✔✔packaging and handling RMW - ✔✔Place Sharps containers in a second container
(plastic bag or rigid box) which is labeled and/or color coded. Minimize human exposure
to RMW during transport to treatment or storage areas. Do not transport RMW in chutes
or dumbwaiters.
✔✔Storage of RMW - ✔✔RMW storage must not exceed storage times specified in
current contracts for removal/disposal. If existing local, State, or country rules and
regulations for storage are more stringent, they should be followed. When conflicts exist
between storage retention times, the most stringent storage time limits take
precedence.
✔✔Transportation of RMW - ✔✔Place RMW into rigid, leak-proof containers before
transporting off-site. Containers shall be labeled or color-coded. Comply with Federal,
State, and local laws, regulations, or status of forces agreements for transportation
requirements such as licensing and vehicle labeling.
