NUR 529 EXAM 2 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
2026/2027 | UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA | HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE |
UPDATED VERSION
1. Describe the symptoms associated with iron deficiency anemia and their
impact on daily activities.
Symptoms include excessive bleeding and bruising, leading to
increased physical activity.
Symptoms include headaches and dizziness, which have no impact on
daily activities.
Symptoms include fatigue and palpitations, which can significantly
affect daily activities.
Symptoms include high energy levels and increased exercise
tolerance.
2. The cardiac output of the heart is affected by
the contractility of the heart.
the amount of blood entering the heart.
all of the options are true.
the amount of stretch on the heart at the beginning of contraction.
3. Describe the significance of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells in the
context of iron deficiency anemia.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are normal in healthy
individuals.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells indicate a lack of adequate
iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells suggest dehydration.
, Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are a sign of vitamin B12
deficiency.
4. Describe how calcium ions influence the strength of cardiac contractions.
Calcium ions decrease the heart rate by inhibiting neurotransmitter
release.
Calcium ions help in the formation of blood clots by activating
platelets.
Calcium ions are involved in the transport of nutrients across cell
membranes.
Calcium ions enhance the strength of cardiac contractions by
promoting the interaction between actin and myosin filaments in
myocardial cells.
5. Which type of anemia is characterized by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or
folate?
Megaloblastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
6. Describe how heart rate affects myocardial oxygen uptake (MVO2).
An increase in heart rate raises MVO2 because the heart requires
more oxygen to support the increased workload.
Higher heart rates decrease MVO2 due to reduced efficiency.
Heart rate does not affect MVO2 at all.
Heart rate only affects MVO2 during exercise, not at rest.
,7. If a patient experiences increased sympathetic nervous system activity, what
changes would you expect in their circulatory function?
Decreased heart rate and vascular dilation
Increased heart rate and vascular constriction
Decreased heart rate and increased vascular constriction
Stable heart rate with no change in vascular tone
8. Describe how neural control contributes to the regulation of blood pressure.
Neural control decreases oxygen levels to lower blood pressure.
Neural control regulates blood viscosity to stabilize blood pressure.
Neural control increases blood volume to raise blood pressure.
Neural control adjusts heart rate and vascular tone to maintain
blood pressure.
9. What are the three main types of anemias mentioned in the text?
Sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia, folate deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia
10. What does preload refer to in the context of cardiac function?
The rate of electrical impulses in the heart
The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood
The volume of blood in the ventricles after contraction
The degree of stretch of the heart muscle before contraction
, 11. If a patient has decreased cardiac contractility due to a myocardial infarction,
what effect would this likely have on their cardiac output?
Cardiac output would remain unchanged.
Cardiac output would fluctuate unpredictably.
Cardiac output would likely increase.
Cardiac output would likely decrease.
12. Which factor of SV regulation is the strength of cardiac contractions?
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
HR
13. Describe the role of clot retraction in the overall process of hemostasis.
Clot retraction prevents the formation of new clots in the
bloodstream.
Clot retraction is a process that occurs only in the presence of
infections.
Clot retraction helps to stabilize the clot and reduces its size, which
is essential for effective healing and tissue repair.
Clot retraction is unrelated to the healing process.
14. Describe the role of neural control in maintaining blood pressure during
physical activity.
Neural control adjusts heart rate and blood vessel diameter to
increase blood flow and maintain blood pressure during physical
2026/2027 | UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA | HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE |
UPDATED VERSION
1. Describe the symptoms associated with iron deficiency anemia and their
impact on daily activities.
Symptoms include excessive bleeding and bruising, leading to
increased physical activity.
Symptoms include headaches and dizziness, which have no impact on
daily activities.
Symptoms include fatigue and palpitations, which can significantly
affect daily activities.
Symptoms include high energy levels and increased exercise
tolerance.
2. The cardiac output of the heart is affected by
the contractility of the heart.
the amount of blood entering the heart.
all of the options are true.
the amount of stretch on the heart at the beginning of contraction.
3. Describe the significance of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells in the
context of iron deficiency anemia.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are normal in healthy
individuals.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells indicate a lack of adequate
iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells suggest dehydration.
, Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are a sign of vitamin B12
deficiency.
4. Describe how calcium ions influence the strength of cardiac contractions.
Calcium ions decrease the heart rate by inhibiting neurotransmitter
release.
Calcium ions help in the formation of blood clots by activating
platelets.
Calcium ions are involved in the transport of nutrients across cell
membranes.
Calcium ions enhance the strength of cardiac contractions by
promoting the interaction between actin and myosin filaments in
myocardial cells.
5. Which type of anemia is characterized by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or
folate?
Megaloblastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
6. Describe how heart rate affects myocardial oxygen uptake (MVO2).
An increase in heart rate raises MVO2 because the heart requires
more oxygen to support the increased workload.
Higher heart rates decrease MVO2 due to reduced efficiency.
Heart rate does not affect MVO2 at all.
Heart rate only affects MVO2 during exercise, not at rest.
,7. If a patient experiences increased sympathetic nervous system activity, what
changes would you expect in their circulatory function?
Decreased heart rate and vascular dilation
Increased heart rate and vascular constriction
Decreased heart rate and increased vascular constriction
Stable heart rate with no change in vascular tone
8. Describe how neural control contributes to the regulation of blood pressure.
Neural control decreases oxygen levels to lower blood pressure.
Neural control regulates blood viscosity to stabilize blood pressure.
Neural control increases blood volume to raise blood pressure.
Neural control adjusts heart rate and vascular tone to maintain
blood pressure.
9. What are the three main types of anemias mentioned in the text?
Sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia, folate deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia
10. What does preload refer to in the context of cardiac function?
The rate of electrical impulses in the heart
The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood
The volume of blood in the ventricles after contraction
The degree of stretch of the heart muscle before contraction
, 11. If a patient has decreased cardiac contractility due to a myocardial infarction,
what effect would this likely have on their cardiac output?
Cardiac output would remain unchanged.
Cardiac output would fluctuate unpredictably.
Cardiac output would likely increase.
Cardiac output would likely decrease.
12. Which factor of SV regulation is the strength of cardiac contractions?
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
HR
13. Describe the role of clot retraction in the overall process of hemostasis.
Clot retraction prevents the formation of new clots in the
bloodstream.
Clot retraction is a process that occurs only in the presence of
infections.
Clot retraction helps to stabilize the clot and reduces its size, which
is essential for effective healing and tissue repair.
Clot retraction is unrelated to the healing process.
14. Describe the role of neural control in maintaining blood pressure during
physical activity.
Neural control adjusts heart rate and blood vessel diameter to
increase blood flow and maintain blood pressure during physical
