A+ VERIFIED
NURSING COURSE · OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
NSG 3130 Exam 4
Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing Practice II
— Complete
Official Exam
130 Questions Full Rationales Verified Answers
A+ 6 100%
QUESTIONS SECTIONS RATIONALES
Complete coverage Core exam domains Every answer explained
WHAT THIS COVERS
01 Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
02 Perioperative Nursing Care
03 Wound Care & Tissue Integrity
04 Musculoskeletal & Mobility
05 Sensory, Neurological & Cognitive Function
06 Palliative & End-of-Life Care
ABOUT THIS ASSESSMENT
Build mastery in fundamental nursing concepts and skills — from fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance to perioperative nursing, wound care
and tissue integrity, musculoskeletal and mobility, sensory, neurological, and cognitive function, and palliative and end-of-life care. This
original study bank targets application and analysis skills for NSG 3130 Exam 4, with full rationales for every answer. For review use only; not
an institutional proctored assessment.
PASSING SCORE LEVEL FORMAT
75% Intermediate (Nursing Course) Application / Analysis
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM Page 1
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q1. A 68-year-old client with heart failure is receiving intravenous furosemide. The nurse notes the client’s serum potassium
is 3.1 mEq/L and the client reports muscle weakness. Which nursing action takes priority?
A. Encourage the client to eat a banana and drink orange juice
B. Document the finding and recheck the level in four hours
C. Increase the rate of the intravenous fluid infusion
D. Notify the health care provider and prepare to administer potassium replacement as ordered
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L with muscle weakness indicates hypokalemia requiring prompt provider notification and ordered replacement. Dietary
measures alone are insufficient for this degree of deficit; delaying action risks dysrhythmias.
Q2. A client with severe vomiting has an arterial blood gas result of pH 7.50, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, and HCO3− 32 mEq/L. The
nurse interprets these values as which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated
B. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
C. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
D. Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Elevated pH and elevated HCO3− indicate metabolic alkalosis; the elevated PaCO2 shows respiratory compensation is occurring but has not yet
restored pH to normal, confirming partial compensation.
Q3. The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium of 128 mEq/L who is confused and lethargic. Which intravenous fluid
is most appropriate to correct this imbalance?
A. 0.45% sodium chloride
B. 5% dextrose in water
C. 3% sodium chloride
D. Lactated Ringer’s solution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Symptomatic hyponatremia with neurologic changes requires careful administration of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) under close monitoring. Hypotonic
fluids would worsen the imbalance; isotonic fluids are insufficient for severe symptomatic cases.
Q4. A client receiving continuous nasogastric suction develops muscle cramps and a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse
anticipates which laboratory abnormality?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Prolonged gastric suction removes hydrochloric acid and can lead to metabolic alkalosis and associated hypocalcemia, manifested by neuromuscular
irritability such as Chvostek sign and muscle cramps.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 2
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q5. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with chronic kidney disease. Which finding requires the most
immediate intervention?
A. Serum creatinine 3.8 mg/dL
B. Blood urea nitrogen 48 mg/dL
C. Hemoglobin 9.2 g/dL
D. Serum potassium 6.4 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A potassium of 6.4 mEq/L places the client at immediate risk for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and requires urgent treatment. Elevated creatinine
and BUN reflect chronic disease; anemia is expected but less acutely dangerous.
Q6. A postoperative client has an order for intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride at 125 mL/hr. The nurse assesses the client and
finds crackles in the lung bases and a weight gain of 1.5 kg in 24 hours. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Continue the infusion and reassess in two hours
B. Slow the infusion rate and notify the health care provider
C. Administer a diuretic from the unit stock
D. Change the fluid to 0.45% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Crackles and rapid weight gain indicate fluid volume overload. The nurse should reduce the rate and notify the provider for further orders rather than
continuing the current rate or independently changing the fluid type.
Q7. A client with diabetic ketoacidosis is receiving an insulin infusion. The nurse monitors which electrolyte most closely
during treatment?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Insulin drives potassium into cells; rapid correction of hyperglycemia can precipitate life-threatening hypokalemia. Close potassium monitoring and
replacement are essential during insulin therapy for DKA.
Q8. The nurse teaches a client with mild hypokalemia about dietary sources of potassium. Which food choice indicates
correct understanding?
A. White bread and apple juice
B. Canned soup and white rice
C. Baked potato with skin and a banana
D. Cottage cheese and crackers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Baked potato with skin and banana are high-potassium foods appropriate for mild hypokalemia. The other options are relatively low in potassium and
would not effectively raise serum levels.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 3
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q9. A client’s arterial blood gas results are pH 7.28, PaCO2 55 mm Hg, and HCO3− 24 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes this as
which condition?
A. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
B. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated
C. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
D. Metabolic alkalosis, fully compensated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Low pH with elevated PaCO2 and normal HCO3− indicates acute (uncompensated) respiratory acidosis, commonly seen with hypoventilation.
Q10. The nurse is assessing a client for signs of fluid volume deficit. Which finding is most consistent with this imbalance?
A. Bounding peripheral pulses and jugular venous distention
B. Dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension
C. Pitting edema in the lower extremities and weight gain
D. Crackles in the lung bases and an S3 heart sound
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension are classic signs of hypovolemia. Bounding pulses, edema, and crackles indicate
fluid volume excess.
Q11. A client with a serum magnesium of 1.1 mg/dL is at risk for which complication?
A. Bradycardia and hypotension
B. Torsades de pointes and seizures
C. Constipation and muscle weakness
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds and diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Severe hypomagnesemia can cause ventricular dysrhythmias, including torsades de pointes, and neuromuscular excitability leading to seizures.
Bradycardia is more associated with hypermagnesemia.
Q12. The nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition. Which laboratory value requires immediate reporting
to the provider?
A. Serum phosphorus 1.4 mg/dL
B. Serum glucose 145 mg/dL
C. Serum albumin 3.2 g/dL
D. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Refeeding syndrome can cause rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. A phosphorus of 1.4 mg/dL is critically low and requires
prompt intervention to prevent respiratory and cardiac complications.
Q13. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has an arterial blood gas of pH 7.36, PaCO2 58 mm Hg, and HCO3−
32 mEq/L. How does the nurse interpret this result?
A. Acute respiratory acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
D. Mixed acid-base disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Near-normal pH with elevated PaCO2 and elevated HCO3− indicates chronic respiratory acidosis that has been compensated by renal retention of
bicarbonate, typical in stable COPD.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 4
NURSING COURSE · OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
NSG 3130 Exam 4
Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing Practice II
— Complete
Official Exam
130 Questions Full Rationales Verified Answers
A+ 6 100%
QUESTIONS SECTIONS RATIONALES
Complete coverage Core exam domains Every answer explained
WHAT THIS COVERS
01 Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
02 Perioperative Nursing Care
03 Wound Care & Tissue Integrity
04 Musculoskeletal & Mobility
05 Sensory, Neurological & Cognitive Function
06 Palliative & End-of-Life Care
ABOUT THIS ASSESSMENT
Build mastery in fundamental nursing concepts and skills — from fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance to perioperative nursing, wound care
and tissue integrity, musculoskeletal and mobility, sensory, neurological, and cognitive function, and palliative and end-of-life care. This
original study bank targets application and analysis skills for NSG 3130 Exam 4, with full rationales for every answer. For review use only; not
an institutional proctored assessment.
PASSING SCORE LEVEL FORMAT
75% Intermediate (Nursing Course) Application / Analysis
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM Page 1
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q1. A 68-year-old client with heart failure is receiving intravenous furosemide. The nurse notes the client’s serum potassium
is 3.1 mEq/L and the client reports muscle weakness. Which nursing action takes priority?
A. Encourage the client to eat a banana and drink orange juice
B. Document the finding and recheck the level in four hours
C. Increase the rate of the intravenous fluid infusion
D. Notify the health care provider and prepare to administer potassium replacement as ordered
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L with muscle weakness indicates hypokalemia requiring prompt provider notification and ordered replacement. Dietary
measures alone are insufficient for this degree of deficit; delaying action risks dysrhythmias.
Q2. A client with severe vomiting has an arterial blood gas result of pH 7.50, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, and HCO3− 32 mEq/L. The
nurse interprets these values as which acid-base imbalance?
A. Respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated
B. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
C. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
D. Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Elevated pH and elevated HCO3− indicate metabolic alkalosis; the elevated PaCO2 shows respiratory compensation is occurring but has not yet
restored pH to normal, confirming partial compensation.
Q3. The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium of 128 mEq/L who is confused and lethargic. Which intravenous fluid
is most appropriate to correct this imbalance?
A. 0.45% sodium chloride
B. 5% dextrose in water
C. 3% sodium chloride
D. Lactated Ringer’s solution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Symptomatic hyponatremia with neurologic changes requires careful administration of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) under close monitoring. Hypotonic
fluids would worsen the imbalance; isotonic fluids are insufficient for severe symptomatic cases.
Q4. A client receiving continuous nasogastric suction develops muscle cramps and a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse
anticipates which laboratory abnormality?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Prolonged gastric suction removes hydrochloric acid and can lead to metabolic alkalosis and associated hypocalcemia, manifested by neuromuscular
irritability such as Chvostek sign and muscle cramps.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 2
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q5. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with chronic kidney disease. Which finding requires the most
immediate intervention?
A. Serum creatinine 3.8 mg/dL
B. Blood urea nitrogen 48 mg/dL
C. Hemoglobin 9.2 g/dL
D. Serum potassium 6.4 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
A potassium of 6.4 mEq/L places the client at immediate risk for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and requires urgent treatment. Elevated creatinine
and BUN reflect chronic disease; anemia is expected but less acutely dangerous.
Q6. A postoperative client has an order for intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride at 125 mL/hr. The nurse assesses the client and
finds crackles in the lung bases and a weight gain of 1.5 kg in 24 hours. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Continue the infusion and reassess in two hours
B. Slow the infusion rate and notify the health care provider
C. Administer a diuretic from the unit stock
D. Change the fluid to 0.45% sodium chloride
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Crackles and rapid weight gain indicate fluid volume overload. The nurse should reduce the rate and notify the provider for further orders rather than
continuing the current rate or independently changing the fluid type.
Q7. A client with diabetic ketoacidosis is receiving an insulin infusion. The nurse monitors which electrolyte most closely
during treatment?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Insulin drives potassium into cells; rapid correction of hyperglycemia can precipitate life-threatening hypokalemia. Close potassium monitoring and
replacement are essential during insulin therapy for DKA.
Q8. The nurse teaches a client with mild hypokalemia about dietary sources of potassium. Which food choice indicates
correct understanding?
A. White bread and apple juice
B. Canned soup and white rice
C. Baked potato with skin and a banana
D. Cottage cheese and crackers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Baked potato with skin and banana are high-potassium foods appropriate for mild hypokalemia. The other options are relatively low in potassium and
would not effectively raise serum levels.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 3
, SECTION 1: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Q9. A client’s arterial blood gas results are pH 7.28, PaCO2 55 mm Hg, and HCO3− 24 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes this as
which condition?
A. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
B. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated
C. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
D. Metabolic alkalosis, fully compensated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Low pH with elevated PaCO2 and normal HCO3− indicates acute (uncompensated) respiratory acidosis, commonly seen with hypoventilation.
Q10. The nurse is assessing a client for signs of fluid volume deficit. Which finding is most consistent with this imbalance?
A. Bounding peripheral pulses and jugular venous distention
B. Dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension
C. Pitting edema in the lower extremities and weight gain
D. Crackles in the lung bases and an S3 heart sound
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension are classic signs of hypovolemia. Bounding pulses, edema, and crackles indicate
fluid volume excess.
Q11. A client with a serum magnesium of 1.1 mg/dL is at risk for which complication?
A. Bradycardia and hypotension
B. Torsades de pointes and seizures
C. Constipation and muscle weakness
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds and diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Severe hypomagnesemia can cause ventricular dysrhythmias, including torsades de pointes, and neuromuscular excitability leading to seizures.
Bradycardia is more associated with hypermagnesemia.
Q12. The nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition. Which laboratory value requires immediate reporting
to the provider?
A. Serum phosphorus 1.4 mg/dL
B. Serum glucose 145 mg/dL
C. Serum albumin 3.2 g/dL
D. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Refeeding syndrome can cause rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. A phosphorus of 1.4 mg/dL is critically low and requires
prompt intervention to prevent respiratory and cardiac complications.
Q13. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has an arterial blood gas of pH 7.36, PaCO2 58 mm Hg, and HCO3−
32 mEq/L. How does the nurse interpret this result?
A. Acute respiratory acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
D. Mixed acid-base disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Near-normal pH with elevated PaCO2 and elevated HCO3− indicates chronic respiratory acidosis that has been compensated by renal retention of
bicarbonate, typical in stable COPD.
STUVIA ACTUAL EXAM · Page 4
