Advanced Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam NU 545 :
Nervous System & Neuro Pathophysiology |
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+/ COLLEGE OF NURSING
Neuroanatomic and neurotransmitter alterations in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
include which of the following?
A) Loss of cortical tissue
B) Alteration in dopamine pathways
C) Shrinkage of the ventricles
D) All of these are correct.
E) Loss of cortical tissue and alteration in dopamine pathways - Correct AnswerE
A patient reports that he senses that he is detached from society. His family reports he doesn't
seem to enjoy many experiences. These symptoms are a description of:
A) avolition.
B) alogia.
C) anhedonia.
D) delusions. - Correct AnswerC
Which of the following neurotransmitters is widely reduced in depression?
A) Serotonin
B) Monoamine
C) Glutamine
D) Epinephrine - Correct AnswerA
An 18-year-old was brought into the emergency room because she was found on the streets at
2:00 a.m. stating she was campaigning for the next president and was writing his speeches.
Page 1 of 187
,Police reported she was alone and yelling at oncoming cars and insisting they join her campaign
to elect the next president. Concerns for her safety is what led the police to bring her to the
emergency room. This woman may be experiencing:
A) a manic episode.
B) a panic attack.
C) agoraphobia.
D) compulsive behavior. - Correct AnswerA
In a generalized anxiety disorder, anticipatory anxiety and attentional bias to threats are thought
be caused by:
A) serotonin and GABA surges.
B) cingulate cortex and amygdala abnormalities.
C) cholecystokinin receptor gene on chromosome 11p.
D) hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid system dysregulation. - Correct AnswerB
A patient with schizophrenia has hallucinations and delusions. These thoughts and behaviors
are termed:
A) positive symptoms.
B) negative symptoms.
C) affective symptoms.
D) cognitive symptoms. - Correct AnswerA
Second-generation antipsychotics have which of the following effects on neurotransmitters?
A) Dopamine and serotonin
B) Dopamine only
C) Serotonin only
D) Dopamine and glutamate - Correct AnswerA
Page 2 of 187
,A patient with refractory depression will receive electroconvulsive therapy. She would like more
information about this therapy. What information should be provided to her?
A) You will need to be on bedrest for 2 days after the procedure.
B) The procedure produces a brief brain seizure that activates various brain areas.
C) The procedure is painless, so usually no anesthesia is necessary.
D) You will have to reduce your intake of food after, due to the risk of vomiting. - Correct
AnswerB
What symptoms must be present for a patient to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
A) Indecisiveness
B) Feeling of sadness
C) Fatigue
D) Insomnia - Correct AnswerB
An 18-year-old patient describes that he needs to wash his hands multiple times a day because
he is concerned about germs. He said this started when he was about 12 years old. This
behavior is a description of:
A) an obsession.
B) a compulsion.
C) paranoia.
D) delusions. - Correct AnswerB
Alterations in __________ have been associated with the development of mental health
disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
A) chromosomes 8 and 15
B) chromosomes 5 and 6
C) chromosomes 1 and 2
D) chromosomes 3 and 10 - Correct AnswerD
Page 3 of 187
, What is the relationship between the hypothalamic pituitary axis and depression?
A) Reduction in cortisol
B) Reduced production of corticotropin-releasing hormone
C) Increased production of corticotropin-releasing hormone
D) Low levels of gamma aminobutyric acid - Correct AnswerC
Which of the following essential amino acids is a precursor to serotonin?
A) Tryptophan
B) Glutamate
C) Choline
D) Dopamine - Correct AnswerA
30-year-old male patient is in the emergency room because he was belligerent, confused, and
delirious. His girlfriend called the police because of this behavior, and she said it started after
smoking marijuana. Suspicions are that the marijuana was altered with phencyclidine (PCP).
Which receptors are mainly altered by PCP?
A) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
B) Serotonin receptors
C) Monoamine receptors
D) Dopamine receptors - Correct AnswerA
Children in comparison to adults with major depressive disorders are more likely to exhibit:
A) weight changes.
B) low self-esteem.
C) insomnia.
D) somatic complaints such as stomach ache. - Correct AnswerD
A patient with increased intracranial pressure will have:
Page 4 of 187
Nervous System & Neuro Pathophysiology |
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+/ COLLEGE OF NURSING
Neuroanatomic and neurotransmitter alterations in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
include which of the following?
A) Loss of cortical tissue
B) Alteration in dopamine pathways
C) Shrinkage of the ventricles
D) All of these are correct.
E) Loss of cortical tissue and alteration in dopamine pathways - Correct AnswerE
A patient reports that he senses that he is detached from society. His family reports he doesn't
seem to enjoy many experiences. These symptoms are a description of:
A) avolition.
B) alogia.
C) anhedonia.
D) delusions. - Correct AnswerC
Which of the following neurotransmitters is widely reduced in depression?
A) Serotonin
B) Monoamine
C) Glutamine
D) Epinephrine - Correct AnswerA
An 18-year-old was brought into the emergency room because she was found on the streets at
2:00 a.m. stating she was campaigning for the next president and was writing his speeches.
Page 1 of 187
,Police reported she was alone and yelling at oncoming cars and insisting they join her campaign
to elect the next president. Concerns for her safety is what led the police to bring her to the
emergency room. This woman may be experiencing:
A) a manic episode.
B) a panic attack.
C) agoraphobia.
D) compulsive behavior. - Correct AnswerA
In a generalized anxiety disorder, anticipatory anxiety and attentional bias to threats are thought
be caused by:
A) serotonin and GABA surges.
B) cingulate cortex and amygdala abnormalities.
C) cholecystokinin receptor gene on chromosome 11p.
D) hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid system dysregulation. - Correct AnswerB
A patient with schizophrenia has hallucinations and delusions. These thoughts and behaviors
are termed:
A) positive symptoms.
B) negative symptoms.
C) affective symptoms.
D) cognitive symptoms. - Correct AnswerA
Second-generation antipsychotics have which of the following effects on neurotransmitters?
A) Dopamine and serotonin
B) Dopamine only
C) Serotonin only
D) Dopamine and glutamate - Correct AnswerA
Page 2 of 187
,A patient with refractory depression will receive electroconvulsive therapy. She would like more
information about this therapy. What information should be provided to her?
A) You will need to be on bedrest for 2 days after the procedure.
B) The procedure produces a brief brain seizure that activates various brain areas.
C) The procedure is painless, so usually no anesthesia is necessary.
D) You will have to reduce your intake of food after, due to the risk of vomiting. - Correct
AnswerB
What symptoms must be present for a patient to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
A) Indecisiveness
B) Feeling of sadness
C) Fatigue
D) Insomnia - Correct AnswerB
An 18-year-old patient describes that he needs to wash his hands multiple times a day because
he is concerned about germs. He said this started when he was about 12 years old. This
behavior is a description of:
A) an obsession.
B) a compulsion.
C) paranoia.
D) delusions. - Correct AnswerB
Alterations in __________ have been associated with the development of mental health
disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
A) chromosomes 8 and 15
B) chromosomes 5 and 6
C) chromosomes 1 and 2
D) chromosomes 3 and 10 - Correct AnswerD
Page 3 of 187
, What is the relationship between the hypothalamic pituitary axis and depression?
A) Reduction in cortisol
B) Reduced production of corticotropin-releasing hormone
C) Increased production of corticotropin-releasing hormone
D) Low levels of gamma aminobutyric acid - Correct AnswerC
Which of the following essential amino acids is a precursor to serotonin?
A) Tryptophan
B) Glutamate
C) Choline
D) Dopamine - Correct AnswerA
30-year-old male patient is in the emergency room because he was belligerent, confused, and
delirious. His girlfriend called the police because of this behavior, and she said it started after
smoking marijuana. Suspicions are that the marijuana was altered with phencyclidine (PCP).
Which receptors are mainly altered by PCP?
A) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
B) Serotonin receptors
C) Monoamine receptors
D) Dopamine receptors - Correct AnswerA
Children in comparison to adults with major depressive disorders are more likely to exhibit:
A) weight changes.
B) low self-esteem.
C) insomnia.
D) somatic complaints such as stomach ache. - Correct AnswerD
A patient with increased intracranial pressure will have:
Page 4 of 187
