ESL 154 CERTIFICATION ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔Intermediate Language Proficiency stage - ✔✔students begin to make complex
statements, share thoughts and opinions and speak more often. This may last a year or
more.
✔✔Advanced Learning Proficiency stage - ✔✔lasts five to seven years. Students have
acquired a substantial vocabulary and are capable of participating fully in discussions.
✔✔There are four key concepts teachers in mainstream classrooms can use to help
English Language Learners (ELL) acquire proficiency in both written and spoken
English. - ✔✔1. Increase comprehensibility
2. Build on language concepts
3. Encourage interaction with students and adults
4. Increase thinking and study skills
✔✔Increase comprehensibility - ✔✔of lesson plans and activities by using pictures,
props, gestures and voice variations to explain and demonstrate. Use short sentences
and avoid slang and idioms.
✔✔Encourage Interaction - ✔✔by asking questions and assigning group activities. This
provides the ELL student with lots of opportunities to practice what he/she knows and
increase confidence so he/she is able to learn more effectively.
✔✔Increase Thinking and Study Skills - ✔✔by asking thought-provoking questions and
assigning complex topics for research and writing projects. Establish and expect the
same high standards from every student. Use The Native Language to increase
understanding and comprehension. Translating questions and assignments into the
student's native language clarifies instructions and helps them understand what is
expected.
✔✔What is one of the first things that needs to be determined before assessing reading
ability/level? - ✔✔Cultural identity!
, ✔✔_________________ and ____________________ have a huge impact on
readiness to learn. Some cultures place a great emphasis on learning for everyone,
while others restrict access to educational opportunities by gender and/or economic
status. - ✔✔Heritage and personal history have a huge impact on readiness to learn.
Some cultures place a great emphasis on learning for everyone, while others restrict
access to educational opportunities by gender and/or economic status.
✔✔What plays an important role in reading readiness and ability? - ✔✔- Religious
beliefs, previous exposure to schooling, health issues, and other cultural identities
✔✔Fluency - ✔✔the ability to read and comprehend the written word accurately and
quickly.
✔✔Fluent readers DO - ✔✔recognize words and expressions
understand their meaning.
When reading out loud, their presentation is smooth, expressive and effortless.
✔✔Fluent readers DON'T - ✔✔focus on words- they look at meaning and can
comprehend the words
✔✔Content-Based Language Instruction - ✔✔combines information, hands-on tasks
and instructional techniques and uses these tools to develop language skills, learn
subject matter and acquire cognitive and study skills.
✔✔Sheltered Instruction - ✔✔is used to help students with limited or non-existent
English proficiency. They are taught content in their native language and then move to
instruction in English (grammar, vocabulary, etc.) with the goal being to mainstream
them as quickly as possible.
✔✔Language Across The Curriculum - ✔✔is content-based teaching that deliberately
coordinates English language instruction (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, etc.) in
all classes no matter what the subject matter. Sometimes this program uses an
integrated curriculum approach; sometimes it uses a team teaching approach and
sometimes a combination of the two.
✔✔Individual assessments - ✔✔focus on the progress each student made during a
defined period of time. Written assignments, oral presentations and class participation
are incorporated to obtain a broader, more realistic view of progress. Students and
parents easily understand individual assessments.
✔✔Positive aspects of individual assessments - ✔✔• They provide feedback about the
student's strengths and weaknesses and can help motivate him/her to work harder and
take more responsibility for learning. Students sometimes set personal goals and
expectations. Individual assessments help them measure their success.
SET A+
✔✔Intermediate Language Proficiency stage - ✔✔students begin to make complex
statements, share thoughts and opinions and speak more often. This may last a year or
more.
✔✔Advanced Learning Proficiency stage - ✔✔lasts five to seven years. Students have
acquired a substantial vocabulary and are capable of participating fully in discussions.
✔✔There are four key concepts teachers in mainstream classrooms can use to help
English Language Learners (ELL) acquire proficiency in both written and spoken
English. - ✔✔1. Increase comprehensibility
2. Build on language concepts
3. Encourage interaction with students and adults
4. Increase thinking and study skills
✔✔Increase comprehensibility - ✔✔of lesson plans and activities by using pictures,
props, gestures and voice variations to explain and demonstrate. Use short sentences
and avoid slang and idioms.
✔✔Encourage Interaction - ✔✔by asking questions and assigning group activities. This
provides the ELL student with lots of opportunities to practice what he/she knows and
increase confidence so he/she is able to learn more effectively.
✔✔Increase Thinking and Study Skills - ✔✔by asking thought-provoking questions and
assigning complex topics for research and writing projects. Establish and expect the
same high standards from every student. Use The Native Language to increase
understanding and comprehension. Translating questions and assignments into the
student's native language clarifies instructions and helps them understand what is
expected.
✔✔What is one of the first things that needs to be determined before assessing reading
ability/level? - ✔✔Cultural identity!
, ✔✔_________________ and ____________________ have a huge impact on
readiness to learn. Some cultures place a great emphasis on learning for everyone,
while others restrict access to educational opportunities by gender and/or economic
status. - ✔✔Heritage and personal history have a huge impact on readiness to learn.
Some cultures place a great emphasis on learning for everyone, while others restrict
access to educational opportunities by gender and/or economic status.
✔✔What plays an important role in reading readiness and ability? - ✔✔- Religious
beliefs, previous exposure to schooling, health issues, and other cultural identities
✔✔Fluency - ✔✔the ability to read and comprehend the written word accurately and
quickly.
✔✔Fluent readers DO - ✔✔recognize words and expressions
understand their meaning.
When reading out loud, their presentation is smooth, expressive and effortless.
✔✔Fluent readers DON'T - ✔✔focus on words- they look at meaning and can
comprehend the words
✔✔Content-Based Language Instruction - ✔✔combines information, hands-on tasks
and instructional techniques and uses these tools to develop language skills, learn
subject matter and acquire cognitive and study skills.
✔✔Sheltered Instruction - ✔✔is used to help students with limited or non-existent
English proficiency. They are taught content in their native language and then move to
instruction in English (grammar, vocabulary, etc.) with the goal being to mainstream
them as quickly as possible.
✔✔Language Across The Curriculum - ✔✔is content-based teaching that deliberately
coordinates English language instruction (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, etc.) in
all classes no matter what the subject matter. Sometimes this program uses an
integrated curriculum approach; sometimes it uses a team teaching approach and
sometimes a combination of the two.
✔✔Individual assessments - ✔✔focus on the progress each student made during a
defined period of time. Written assignments, oral presentations and class participation
are incorporated to obtain a broader, more realistic view of progress. Students and
parents easily understand individual assessments.
✔✔Positive aspects of individual assessments - ✔✔• They provide feedback about the
student's strengths and weaknesses and can help motivate him/her to work harder and
take more responsibility for learning. Students sometimes set personal goals and
expectations. Individual assessments help them measure their success.
