GLPH 171 UPDATED MAIN ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔demonstrated common adverse childhood experiences are strongly related to
common adult harms - ✔✔ACEs Impact
✔✔summary term for several psychological traits that can be fostered throughout life. -
✔✔resilience
✔✔self control; nuturing adult; optimism; empathy; flexibility; purpose; cohesive
community - ✔✔traits that predict resilience
✔✔ the absence of illness - ✔✔Medical definition of Health
✔✔a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not simply the
absence of disease or infirmity - ✔✔World Health Organization (WHO) health definition
✔✔a broader definition of health.... likely includes: social cohesion, support, a sense of
belonging and connection/ takes into account the social and biological precursors of
health - ✔✔Why is the WHO definition better?
✔✔Individual. household. community. national. international - ✔✔Levels of Health
determinants
✔✔genes;age;parity;birth order;education;employment;decision making;marital status -
✔✔individual health determinants
✔✔household access to resources;SES of household - ✔✔household health
determinants
✔✔level of development;rural/urban;stratefied or homogeneous;inheritance;martial
norms - ✔✔community health determinants
, ✔✔country size; population; development level; government structure; health system
structure; global market dependence; health policies - ✔✔national health determinants
✔✔balance of power btw geopolitical sources; health sector reform, economic
idealogies, international human rights - ✔✔internation health determinants
✔✔connections btw determinants; combined effects; individual impacts - ✔✔what to
consider about SDHs
✔✔The study of the distribution, determinants and deterrents of morbidity (illness,
disease, injury, etc) and mortality (death) in human population. - ✔✔epidemiology
✔✔uses probability and statistical reasoning to study "how and why different patterns of
health and disease occur among various subgroups in a population - ✔✔how does
epidemiology work
✔✔those being examined as predictors of an outcome - ✔✔independent variable
✔✔the outcome(s) - ✔✔dependent variable
✔✔proximity to water pumps - ✔✔what caused the rise of cholera in 1854 london
✔✔means that changes in an independent variable lead to changes in a dependent
variable. - ✔✔causation
✔✔relationship between two or more variable that does not infer causality. -
✔✔Correlation
✔✔1. A strong association between variables to rule out other explanations 2. Must be
demonstrated repeatedly (replicability)3. The cause should occur before the effect
(temporal change)4. Increased exposure should increase the chance or magnitude of
the effect5. Must be plausible6. Must not contradict other knowledge 7. Is verifiable by
experiments - ✔✔Criteria for causation
✔✔which is within a causal pathway. - ✔✔Interaction (aka effect modification): when the
magnitude of an association between an independent and a dependant variable varies
according to the level of a third variable
✔✔occurs when the independent variable you are studying appears to cause or lead to
an outcome but only because it is associated with another unmeasured independent
variable and that second variable is really the predictor of the outcome. -
✔✔Confounding
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔demonstrated common adverse childhood experiences are strongly related to
common adult harms - ✔✔ACEs Impact
✔✔summary term for several psychological traits that can be fostered throughout life. -
✔✔resilience
✔✔self control; nuturing adult; optimism; empathy; flexibility; purpose; cohesive
community - ✔✔traits that predict resilience
✔✔ the absence of illness - ✔✔Medical definition of Health
✔✔a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not simply the
absence of disease or infirmity - ✔✔World Health Organization (WHO) health definition
✔✔a broader definition of health.... likely includes: social cohesion, support, a sense of
belonging and connection/ takes into account the social and biological precursors of
health - ✔✔Why is the WHO definition better?
✔✔Individual. household. community. national. international - ✔✔Levels of Health
determinants
✔✔genes;age;parity;birth order;education;employment;decision making;marital status -
✔✔individual health determinants
✔✔household access to resources;SES of household - ✔✔household health
determinants
✔✔level of development;rural/urban;stratefied or homogeneous;inheritance;martial
norms - ✔✔community health determinants
, ✔✔country size; population; development level; government structure; health system
structure; global market dependence; health policies - ✔✔national health determinants
✔✔balance of power btw geopolitical sources; health sector reform, economic
idealogies, international human rights - ✔✔internation health determinants
✔✔connections btw determinants; combined effects; individual impacts - ✔✔what to
consider about SDHs
✔✔The study of the distribution, determinants and deterrents of morbidity (illness,
disease, injury, etc) and mortality (death) in human population. - ✔✔epidemiology
✔✔uses probability and statistical reasoning to study "how and why different patterns of
health and disease occur among various subgroups in a population - ✔✔how does
epidemiology work
✔✔those being examined as predictors of an outcome - ✔✔independent variable
✔✔the outcome(s) - ✔✔dependent variable
✔✔proximity to water pumps - ✔✔what caused the rise of cholera in 1854 london
✔✔means that changes in an independent variable lead to changes in a dependent
variable. - ✔✔causation
✔✔relationship between two or more variable that does not infer causality. -
✔✔Correlation
✔✔1. A strong association between variables to rule out other explanations 2. Must be
demonstrated repeatedly (replicability)3. The cause should occur before the effect
(temporal change)4. Increased exposure should increase the chance or magnitude of
the effect5. Must be plausible6. Must not contradict other knowledge 7. Is verifiable by
experiments - ✔✔Criteria for causation
✔✔which is within a causal pathway. - ✔✔Interaction (aka effect modification): when the
magnitude of an association between an independent and a dependant variable varies
according to the level of a third variable
✔✔occurs when the independent variable you are studying appears to cause or lead to
an outcome but only because it is associated with another unmeasured independent
variable and that second variable is really the predictor of the outcome. -
✔✔Confounding
