GLPH 171 COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔refers to social roles, opportunities, and constraints expected of a man or women in
a given society - ✔✔Gender
✔✔Consistently, Canadian women earn significantly less income than men in similar
educations and occupations. Although the income gap has been reduced since 1986, it
still exists. - ✔✔general trend of women-men income
✔✔Fewer women drop out of high school; More women enter into post-secondary
education programs - ✔✔Education level of women (developed countries)
✔✔across the world women have longer life spans - ✔✔Women's life expectancy
✔✔In every income quintile women outlive men, despite having a lower SES...; The
gradient of mortality from low SES to high SES quintiles is steeper in men - ✔✔Key
takeaways from women's health
✔✔biological differences between men and women; societal expectations (or are these
biological differences?) that lead to behavioural differences with men being more
aggressive and assertive and engaging in risk-taking behaviours that wound and kill;
social connection, that is, women tend to be more socially engaged and connected
which may align with greater health - ✔✔Hypothesizes for the gender gap in life
expectancy
✔✔hypothesizes that psychological strain leads to subsequent physical or mental
illness. - ✔✔Karasek's Job strain Model
✔✔Passive (Low job decision latitude and low job demands - Having little or no control);
Active (High job decision latitude and high job demands - Having control); Low Strain
(High job decision latitude and low job demands - Of limited physical or mental
, demand); High Strain (Low job decision latitude and high job demands - Physically or
mentally challenging) - ✔✔four quadrants of Karasek's Job Strain Model
✔✔it assumed all people are the same and ignored how the interpersonal tensions and
strengths inherent in the social setting, where one works, can change individual
resources, strengths, and coping mechanisms, that is, can change how individuals are
affected by social determinants of health (social capital) - ✔✔shortcomings of Karasek's
Model
✔✔: measure the sum of individual indicators aggregated up to a community or group
level. This would result in observing or detecting a proportion of the population that
shares an individual characteristic. - ✔✔Compositional effects
✔✔add together individual characteristics of those who make up the group and then
develop a measure of the proportion of that group with the characteristic - ✔✔how do
you get compositional effects
✔✔effects describe the lived experiences of all area residents and tend to be similar for
women and men. Interestingly, the contextual measure of area gender equality also
predicts greater health for all. The association between contextual effects and health is
not overly strong but remains even after accounting for individual SES. - ✔✔contextual
effects for gender and health
✔✔Past or present victimization or abuse; Being constrained by sex role stereotypes;
Degree of control in one's life; Freedom of movement - ✔✔examples of gender as an
individual determinant of health
✔✔Ratio of women's income to men's income; Ratio of women to men in government;
Average age of first pregnancy; level of education of women relative to men; Life
expectancy ratios - ✔✔examples of gender as an populational determinant of health
✔✔double that of Canadian population - ✔✔Indigenous unemployment rates
✔✔First Nations ( not include Inuit peoples) is almost 15% less than the Canadian
average.) Gender gap is still present - ✔✔Indigenous life expectancy rates
✔✔self-perceived mental health is lowest amongst Aboriginal youth relative to the
Canadian population as a whole - ✔✔Indigenous populations and Self perceived mental
health
✔✔are 5-7 times higher for First Nations youth than non-Indigenous youth. Suicide
rates amongst Inuit youth are among the highest in the world, at 11 times the national
average. - ✔✔Suicide rates of Indigenous populations
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔refers to social roles, opportunities, and constraints expected of a man or women in
a given society - ✔✔Gender
✔✔Consistently, Canadian women earn significantly less income than men in similar
educations and occupations. Although the income gap has been reduced since 1986, it
still exists. - ✔✔general trend of women-men income
✔✔Fewer women drop out of high school; More women enter into post-secondary
education programs - ✔✔Education level of women (developed countries)
✔✔across the world women have longer life spans - ✔✔Women's life expectancy
✔✔In every income quintile women outlive men, despite having a lower SES...; The
gradient of mortality from low SES to high SES quintiles is steeper in men - ✔✔Key
takeaways from women's health
✔✔biological differences between men and women; societal expectations (or are these
biological differences?) that lead to behavioural differences with men being more
aggressive and assertive and engaging in risk-taking behaviours that wound and kill;
social connection, that is, women tend to be more socially engaged and connected
which may align with greater health - ✔✔Hypothesizes for the gender gap in life
expectancy
✔✔hypothesizes that psychological strain leads to subsequent physical or mental
illness. - ✔✔Karasek's Job strain Model
✔✔Passive (Low job decision latitude and low job demands - Having little or no control);
Active (High job decision latitude and high job demands - Having control); Low Strain
(High job decision latitude and low job demands - Of limited physical or mental
, demand); High Strain (Low job decision latitude and high job demands - Physically or
mentally challenging) - ✔✔four quadrants of Karasek's Job Strain Model
✔✔it assumed all people are the same and ignored how the interpersonal tensions and
strengths inherent in the social setting, where one works, can change individual
resources, strengths, and coping mechanisms, that is, can change how individuals are
affected by social determinants of health (social capital) - ✔✔shortcomings of Karasek's
Model
✔✔: measure the sum of individual indicators aggregated up to a community or group
level. This would result in observing or detecting a proportion of the population that
shares an individual characteristic. - ✔✔Compositional effects
✔✔add together individual characteristics of those who make up the group and then
develop a measure of the proportion of that group with the characteristic - ✔✔how do
you get compositional effects
✔✔effects describe the lived experiences of all area residents and tend to be similar for
women and men. Interestingly, the contextual measure of area gender equality also
predicts greater health for all. The association between contextual effects and health is
not overly strong but remains even after accounting for individual SES. - ✔✔contextual
effects for gender and health
✔✔Past or present victimization or abuse; Being constrained by sex role stereotypes;
Degree of control in one's life; Freedom of movement - ✔✔examples of gender as an
individual determinant of health
✔✔Ratio of women's income to men's income; Ratio of women to men in government;
Average age of first pregnancy; level of education of women relative to men; Life
expectancy ratios - ✔✔examples of gender as an populational determinant of health
✔✔double that of Canadian population - ✔✔Indigenous unemployment rates
✔✔First Nations ( not include Inuit peoples) is almost 15% less than the Canadian
average.) Gender gap is still present - ✔✔Indigenous life expectancy rates
✔✔self-perceived mental health is lowest amongst Aboriginal youth relative to the
Canadian population as a whole - ✔✔Indigenous populations and Self perceived mental
health
✔✔are 5-7 times higher for First Nations youth than non-Indigenous youth. Suicide
rates amongst Inuit youth are among the highest in the world, at 11 times the national
average. - ✔✔Suicide rates of Indigenous populations
