NUR 521 STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔What lab results would you look for to establish kidney function in an older adult? -
✔✔proper index of renal function in older adults is creatine clearance - serum creatinine
levels alone do not accurately reflect kidney function in older adults due to a decrease in
lean muscle mass
✔✔What is the beers criteria and when would you use it? - ✔✔list of medications with a
high likliehood of severe adverse effects, you want to avoid medication on this list for
patients over 65
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Nervous system that increases HR, increase CO,
increase BP, vasoconstriction, body temp, bronchodilation, pupil dilation
✔✔parasympathetic - ✔✔nervous system that slows HR, increased GI, emptying of
bladder, emptying of bowel, pupil constriction
✔✔agonist - ✔✔substance that initiates a physiological response when combined to a
receptor
✔✔adrenergic receptor - ✔✔receptor that mediates a response to epi and norepi
✔✔name the neurotransmitters most associated with the sympathetic nervous system -
✔✔norepi
epi
✔✔Cholinergic receptors - ✔✔receptor that mediates responses to ACh
✔✔Acetylcholine (AHc) - ✔✔neurotransmitter most associated with the parasympathetic
nervous system
✔✔cholinesterase inhibitors - ✔✔prevent breakdown of ach by acetylcholinesterase
causing more ach to be available at cholinergic receotors
, ✔✔Atropine - ✔✔(anticholinergic)
Muscarinic Antagonist
increases HR
- used to treat cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
- antidote phsystostigmine
✔✔bethanechol - ✔✔drug that treats urinary retention by binding to muscarinic
cholinergic receptors
(muscarinic cholinergic agonist)
✔✔Pryidostigmine - ✔✔treatment for myasthenia gravis
(cholinesterase inhibiter)
✔✔muscarinic agonists - ✔✔class of drugs that mimic the effect of acetylcholine by
binding with muscarinic receptors causing a parasympathetic response
✔✔what is the antidote to bethanechol - ✔✔atropine
✔✔atropine - ✔✔causes a sympathetic response
used in childhood as inhalation prep for asthma
✔✔muscarinic antagonist - ✔✔class of drugs that act to block Ach at muscarinic
receptors
- block parasympathetic nervous system
✔✔epinepherine - ✔✔used to delay absorption of local anesthetics and control
superficial bleeding
adrenergic agonist
✔✔Alpha 1 - ✔✔receptor that when activated causes mydriasis
- hemostasis
- nasal decongestion
- adjunct to local anesthesia
- increased BP
✔✔what transmitter activates 4 subtypes of adrenergic receptors producing sympathetic
responses - ✔✔epinepherine
✔✔beta 2 - ✔✔receptor that works in the lungs and uterus
✔✔beta 1 - ✔✔receptor that works in the heart and kidneys
✔✔prazosin - ✔✔adrenergic antagonist
SET A+
✔✔What lab results would you look for to establish kidney function in an older adult? -
✔✔proper index of renal function in older adults is creatine clearance - serum creatinine
levels alone do not accurately reflect kidney function in older adults due to a decrease in
lean muscle mass
✔✔What is the beers criteria and when would you use it? - ✔✔list of medications with a
high likliehood of severe adverse effects, you want to avoid medication on this list for
patients over 65
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Nervous system that increases HR, increase CO,
increase BP, vasoconstriction, body temp, bronchodilation, pupil dilation
✔✔parasympathetic - ✔✔nervous system that slows HR, increased GI, emptying of
bladder, emptying of bowel, pupil constriction
✔✔agonist - ✔✔substance that initiates a physiological response when combined to a
receptor
✔✔adrenergic receptor - ✔✔receptor that mediates a response to epi and norepi
✔✔name the neurotransmitters most associated with the sympathetic nervous system -
✔✔norepi
epi
✔✔Cholinergic receptors - ✔✔receptor that mediates responses to ACh
✔✔Acetylcholine (AHc) - ✔✔neurotransmitter most associated with the parasympathetic
nervous system
✔✔cholinesterase inhibitors - ✔✔prevent breakdown of ach by acetylcholinesterase
causing more ach to be available at cholinergic receotors
, ✔✔Atropine - ✔✔(anticholinergic)
Muscarinic Antagonist
increases HR
- used to treat cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
- antidote phsystostigmine
✔✔bethanechol - ✔✔drug that treats urinary retention by binding to muscarinic
cholinergic receptors
(muscarinic cholinergic agonist)
✔✔Pryidostigmine - ✔✔treatment for myasthenia gravis
(cholinesterase inhibiter)
✔✔muscarinic agonists - ✔✔class of drugs that mimic the effect of acetylcholine by
binding with muscarinic receptors causing a parasympathetic response
✔✔what is the antidote to bethanechol - ✔✔atropine
✔✔atropine - ✔✔causes a sympathetic response
used in childhood as inhalation prep for asthma
✔✔muscarinic antagonist - ✔✔class of drugs that act to block Ach at muscarinic
receptors
- block parasympathetic nervous system
✔✔epinepherine - ✔✔used to delay absorption of local anesthetics and control
superficial bleeding
adrenergic agonist
✔✔Alpha 1 - ✔✔receptor that when activated causes mydriasis
- hemostasis
- nasal decongestion
- adjunct to local anesthesia
- increased BP
✔✔what transmitter activates 4 subtypes of adrenergic receptors producing sympathetic
responses - ✔✔epinepherine
✔✔beta 2 - ✔✔receptor that works in the lungs and uterus
✔✔beta 1 - ✔✔receptor that works in the heart and kidneys
✔✔prazosin - ✔✔adrenergic antagonist
