COMM 216 REVIEWS ALL ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Formal approach? - ✔✔based on organizational norms that are written as a code of
conduct
- focuses on unacceptable practices or behaviours and emphasizes compliance and
penalties.
- Provide clear guidelines for decision making
✔✔Monological Approach? - ✔✔allows organizational managers and employees to
determine for themselves what is right or wrong
✔✔Dialogical approach? - ✔✔emphasizes communication before decisions are made
and implemented
- it seeks inclusive solutions and attention is given to the social dynamic side of ethical
issues.
- Monitoring is more challenge since it is based on process and not outcomes
✔✔Ethics: Who is responsible> - ✔✔Board of directors and success depends on
leadership commitment
✔✔Board of directors? - ✔✔- Identify firm's values that determine acceptable behaviour
- Implement trustworthy process ensuring action reflects values
✔✔Conflict of interest ? - ✔✔Real or perceived situation in which an individual has a
private or personal interest in an actionc
✔✔3 types of conflict> - ✔✔real:
- A situation in which a manager or employee has knowledge of a private economic
interest that is sufficient to influence the exercises of their and responsibilities, apparent:
- Situation where a conflict of interest can be deducted from appearances. potential:
- A situation that may develop into an actual conflict
,✔✔Models of leadership: immoral - ✔✔Devoid of ethical principles and actively opposed
to what is moral
• Selfish and cares only about individual's or the organization's gains
• Knows right from wrong and chooses to do wrong • Success at any price • Law viewed
as to success, must be overcome
• Do not make good corporate citizens
✔✔Models of leadership: Amoral - ✔✔Not actively immoral but not ethical,
• Two types: intentionally or unintentionally amoral • Intentionally amoral leaders believe
business activity lies outside of moral judgments, different rules apply to business
• Unintentionally amoral leaders are morally careless, inattentive to impact of their
decisions on others
• Lack ethical perception, sensitivity, or awareness
• Focus on 'letter of the law' instead of spirit
• Do not make good corporate citizens
✔✔Models of leadership: Moral - ✔✔Holds high ethical and professional standards
• Aspire to succeed only within confines of ethical principles
• Concerned with 'letter and spirit of the law'
• Prefers performing beyond minimum legal standards
• Make ethics a driving force of the organization
• Likely good corporate citizens
✔✔Types of ethical leadership: Hypocritical leader - ✔✔strong moral manager and
weak moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership: Unethical Leader - ✔✔weak moral manager and weak
moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership:
Ethical Leader - ✔✔strong moral manager and strong moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership:
Ethically silent leader ? - ✔✔weak moral manager and either a weak or strong moral
person
✔✔Corporate (Organizational) culture? - ✔✔Complex set of values, beliefs,
assumptions and symbols that define the way in which an organization conducts its
business
✔✔Ethical corporate culture ? - ✔✔"subset" of the organization's broader culture
✔✔Corporate Ethics Program? - ✔✔Some combination of a statement of values, code
of conduct and/or ethics, ethics training, ethics audits and consulting services, ethics
officers and committees, and ethics reporting systems.
, ✔✔Statement of Values? - ✔✔A description of the beliefs, principles, and basic
assumptions about what is desirable or worth striving for in an organisation
✔✔What so managers recognize when using a statement of values? - ✔✔managers
recognize that individual and corporate actions are caused by the values that the
individuals and the corporations have in common.
✔✔Why do values need to be used by everyone? - ✔✔Values need to be shared by
everyone so that values are reinforced and widely accepted
✔✔Corporate or business enterprise? - ✔✔Individual corporations prepare codes for
their own use
✔✔Professional Organizations - ✔✔Professions such as lawyers, accounts, and
architects java been early users of codes and are influenced by them when employes
by business enterprises
✔✔Industry and Sector - ✔✔Industry associations formulate codes that corporations in
the this industry may follow
✔✔Single Issue - ✔✔Non-government organisations or business associations develop
codes appreciable to a particular issue
✔✔Codes from national and International Bodies - ✔✔Such as the United Nations or
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development prepare codes
✔✔What is the most common approach to institutionalizing ethical behaviour? -
✔✔Codes
✔✔Ethics Audit? - ✔✔- A systematic effort to discover actual or potential unethical
behaviour in an organisation.
- Designed to uncover unethical behaviour and identify existing opportunities for
unethical behaviour
✔✔Corporate Culture? - ✔✔A complex set of values, beliefs, assumptions, and symbols
that define the way in which an organisation conducts its business.
✔✔Reasons why ethical leadership and programs fail: - ✔✔1. Managers are morally
imperfect
2. Self-interest
3. Rationalization and self-delusion
4. Threat of formal sanctions
5. Threat of informal sanctions
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Formal approach? - ✔✔based on organizational norms that are written as a code of
conduct
- focuses on unacceptable practices or behaviours and emphasizes compliance and
penalties.
- Provide clear guidelines for decision making
✔✔Monological Approach? - ✔✔allows organizational managers and employees to
determine for themselves what is right or wrong
✔✔Dialogical approach? - ✔✔emphasizes communication before decisions are made
and implemented
- it seeks inclusive solutions and attention is given to the social dynamic side of ethical
issues.
- Monitoring is more challenge since it is based on process and not outcomes
✔✔Ethics: Who is responsible> - ✔✔Board of directors and success depends on
leadership commitment
✔✔Board of directors? - ✔✔- Identify firm's values that determine acceptable behaviour
- Implement trustworthy process ensuring action reflects values
✔✔Conflict of interest ? - ✔✔Real or perceived situation in which an individual has a
private or personal interest in an actionc
✔✔3 types of conflict> - ✔✔real:
- A situation in which a manager or employee has knowledge of a private economic
interest that is sufficient to influence the exercises of their and responsibilities, apparent:
- Situation where a conflict of interest can be deducted from appearances. potential:
- A situation that may develop into an actual conflict
,✔✔Models of leadership: immoral - ✔✔Devoid of ethical principles and actively opposed
to what is moral
• Selfish and cares only about individual's or the organization's gains
• Knows right from wrong and chooses to do wrong • Success at any price • Law viewed
as to success, must be overcome
• Do not make good corporate citizens
✔✔Models of leadership: Amoral - ✔✔Not actively immoral but not ethical,
• Two types: intentionally or unintentionally amoral • Intentionally amoral leaders believe
business activity lies outside of moral judgments, different rules apply to business
• Unintentionally amoral leaders are morally careless, inattentive to impact of their
decisions on others
• Lack ethical perception, sensitivity, or awareness
• Focus on 'letter of the law' instead of spirit
• Do not make good corporate citizens
✔✔Models of leadership: Moral - ✔✔Holds high ethical and professional standards
• Aspire to succeed only within confines of ethical principles
• Concerned with 'letter and spirit of the law'
• Prefers performing beyond minimum legal standards
• Make ethics a driving force of the organization
• Likely good corporate citizens
✔✔Types of ethical leadership: Hypocritical leader - ✔✔strong moral manager and
weak moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership: Unethical Leader - ✔✔weak moral manager and weak
moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership:
Ethical Leader - ✔✔strong moral manager and strong moral person
✔✔Types of ethical leadership:
Ethically silent leader ? - ✔✔weak moral manager and either a weak or strong moral
person
✔✔Corporate (Organizational) culture? - ✔✔Complex set of values, beliefs,
assumptions and symbols that define the way in which an organization conducts its
business
✔✔Ethical corporate culture ? - ✔✔"subset" of the organization's broader culture
✔✔Corporate Ethics Program? - ✔✔Some combination of a statement of values, code
of conduct and/or ethics, ethics training, ethics audits and consulting services, ethics
officers and committees, and ethics reporting systems.
, ✔✔Statement of Values? - ✔✔A description of the beliefs, principles, and basic
assumptions about what is desirable or worth striving for in an organisation
✔✔What so managers recognize when using a statement of values? - ✔✔managers
recognize that individual and corporate actions are caused by the values that the
individuals and the corporations have in common.
✔✔Why do values need to be used by everyone? - ✔✔Values need to be shared by
everyone so that values are reinforced and widely accepted
✔✔Corporate or business enterprise? - ✔✔Individual corporations prepare codes for
their own use
✔✔Professional Organizations - ✔✔Professions such as lawyers, accounts, and
architects java been early users of codes and are influenced by them when employes
by business enterprises
✔✔Industry and Sector - ✔✔Industry associations formulate codes that corporations in
the this industry may follow
✔✔Single Issue - ✔✔Non-government organisations or business associations develop
codes appreciable to a particular issue
✔✔Codes from national and International Bodies - ✔✔Such as the United Nations or
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development prepare codes
✔✔What is the most common approach to institutionalizing ethical behaviour? -
✔✔Codes
✔✔Ethics Audit? - ✔✔- A systematic effort to discover actual or potential unethical
behaviour in an organisation.
- Designed to uncover unethical behaviour and identify existing opportunities for
unethical behaviour
✔✔Corporate Culture? - ✔✔A complex set of values, beliefs, assumptions, and symbols
that define the way in which an organisation conducts its business.
✔✔Reasons why ethical leadership and programs fail: - ✔✔1. Managers are morally
imperfect
2. Self-interest
3. Rationalization and self-delusion
4. Threat of formal sanctions
5. Threat of informal sanctions
