GOL 105 ALL 2027 TEST ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔Which of the following are the major processes of the hydrologic cycle?
a. the oceans, ice caps, and groundwater
b. erosion, evaporation, and transpiration
c. ice, water, and steam
d. evaporation, condensation, and precipitation - ✔✔d. evaporation, condensation, and
precipitation
✔✔Earth system science aims to study Earth as a system composed of numerous
interacting parts or subsystems, integrating knowledge from several academic fields.
T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The two sources of energy that power the Earth system are the Sun and
photosynthesis. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Match the steps in the formation of the solar system, according to the nebular
theory, to the correct order number.
a. rotating disk of hot gases is formed.
b. Dust and gases in the solar nebula collapse.
c. Accretion occurs.
d. The nebular cloud cools and metallic material condenses.
e. Asteroids are formed by repeated collisions of particles. - ✔✔First - b.
Second - a.
Third - d.
Fourth - e.
Fifth - c.
✔✔Energy from high-velocity impacts and radioactive decay lead to heating and
chemical differentiation within Earth. T/F - ✔✔True
, ✔✔Match Earth's internal layers to their correct descriptions. (continental crust, oceanic
crust, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core)
a. iron-rich liquid layer
b. younger than 180 million years, with an average density of 3.0 g/cm3
c. average thickness of about 100 km and includes a portion of the mantle
d. a relatively weak zone where melting occurs
e. average thickness is 35 to 40 km, with an average density of 2.7 g/cm3
f. contains more than 82 percent of Earth's volume - ✔✔a. outer core
b. oceanic crust
c. lithosphere
d. asthenosphere
e. continental crust
f. mantle
✔✔The two principal divisions of Earth's surface are the continents and ____________.
- ✔✔ocean basins
✔✔Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Rocks that form when magma cools and solidifies are called _____________ rocks.
- ✔✔igneous
✔✔The D'' layer is a highly variable boundary between the liquid outer core and the
solid inner core. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following statements are expressions of the idea of uniformitarianism? -
✔✔- The present is key to the past
- Physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the
past
- Canyons are carved (eroded) by running water over vast spans of geologic time
✔✔Match either.. (uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition; increased pressure
and intense heating; melting, cooling, and crystallization)
a. Igneous to sedimentary
b. Igneous to metamorphic
c. Sedimentary to igneous
d. Sedimentary to metamorphic
e. Metamorphic to igneous
f. Metamorphic to sedimentary - ✔✔a. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
b. increased pressure and intense heating
c. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
d. increased pressure and intense heating
e. melting, cooling, and crystallization
f. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
SET A+
✔✔Which of the following are the major processes of the hydrologic cycle?
a. the oceans, ice caps, and groundwater
b. erosion, evaporation, and transpiration
c. ice, water, and steam
d. evaporation, condensation, and precipitation - ✔✔d. evaporation, condensation, and
precipitation
✔✔Earth system science aims to study Earth as a system composed of numerous
interacting parts or subsystems, integrating knowledge from several academic fields.
T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The two sources of energy that power the Earth system are the Sun and
photosynthesis. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Match the steps in the formation of the solar system, according to the nebular
theory, to the correct order number.
a. rotating disk of hot gases is formed.
b. Dust and gases in the solar nebula collapse.
c. Accretion occurs.
d. The nebular cloud cools and metallic material condenses.
e. Asteroids are formed by repeated collisions of particles. - ✔✔First - b.
Second - a.
Third - d.
Fourth - e.
Fifth - c.
✔✔Energy from high-velocity impacts and radioactive decay lead to heating and
chemical differentiation within Earth. T/F - ✔✔True
, ✔✔Match Earth's internal layers to their correct descriptions. (continental crust, oceanic
crust, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core)
a. iron-rich liquid layer
b. younger than 180 million years, with an average density of 3.0 g/cm3
c. average thickness of about 100 km and includes a portion of the mantle
d. a relatively weak zone where melting occurs
e. average thickness is 35 to 40 km, with an average density of 2.7 g/cm3
f. contains more than 82 percent of Earth's volume - ✔✔a. outer core
b. oceanic crust
c. lithosphere
d. asthenosphere
e. continental crust
f. mantle
✔✔The two principal divisions of Earth's surface are the continents and ____________.
- ✔✔ocean basins
✔✔Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Rocks that form when magma cools and solidifies are called _____________ rocks.
- ✔✔igneous
✔✔The D'' layer is a highly variable boundary between the liquid outer core and the
solid inner core. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Which of the following statements are expressions of the idea of uniformitarianism? -
✔✔- The present is key to the past
- Physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the
past
- Canyons are carved (eroded) by running water over vast spans of geologic time
✔✔Match either.. (uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition; increased pressure
and intense heating; melting, cooling, and crystallization)
a. Igneous to sedimentary
b. Igneous to metamorphic
c. Sedimentary to igneous
d. Sedimentary to metamorphic
e. Metamorphic to igneous
f. Metamorphic to sedimentary - ✔✔a. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
b. increased pressure and intense heating
c. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
d. increased pressure and intense heating
e. melting, cooling, and crystallization
f. uplift, weathering, transportation, and deposition
