PNH301 TEST #2 QUESTIONS UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which BP regulating mechanism(s) can result in the development of hypertension if defective (select all
that apply)?
a. release of norepinephrine
b. secretion of prostaglandins
c. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
d. stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
e. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Answer:
a. release of norepinephrine
c. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
e. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Question:
2. While obtaining subjective assessment data from a client with hypertension, the nurse recognizes which
of the following as a modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension?
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Excessive alcohol intake
c. A family history of hypertension
d. Consumption of a high-carbohydrate, high-calcium diet
Answer:
b. Excessive alcohol intake
Question:
3. The nurse includes which of the following ideas in teaching a client with hypertension about controlling
the condition?
a. All clients with elevated BP require medication.
b. It is not necessary to limit salt in the diet if taking a diuretic.
c. Obese people must achieve a normal weight in order to lower BP.
d. Lifestyle modifications are indicated for all people with elevated BP.
Answer:
d. Lifestyle modifications are indicated for all people with elevated BP.
Question:
4. What is a major consideration in the management of an older adult with hypertension?
a. Prevent pseudohypertension from converting to true hypertension.
b. Recognize that older adults are less likely to adhere to the drug therapy than younger adults.
c. Ensure that the client receives larger initial doses of antihypertensive drugs because of impaired
absorption.
d. Use careful technique in assessing the BP of the client because of the possible presence of an
auscultatory gap.
,Answer:
d. Use careful technique in assessing the BP of the client because of the possible presence of an
auscultatory gap.
Question:
5. A client with newly diagnosed hypertension has a blood pressure of 158/98 mm Hg after 12 months of
exercise and diet modifications. How does the nurse advise the client?
a. Medication may be required because the BP is still not within the normal range.
b. Continued monitoring of the BP every 3 to 6 months is all that will be necessary for treatment.
c. Because lifestyle modifications were not effective, they do not need to be continued and drugs will be
used.
d. The client will have to make more vigorous changes in lifestyle if the client wants to stay off medication
for hypertension.
Answer:
a. Medication may be required because the BP is still not within the normal range
Question:
6. A patient is admitted to the hospital in hypertensive emergency (BP 244/142 mm Hg). Sodium
nitroprusside is started to treat the elevated BP. Which management strategy(ies) would be appropriate for
this patient? (Select all that apply)
a. Measuring hourly urine output.
b. Decreasing the MAP by 50% within the first hour.
c. Continuous BP monitoring with an intraarterial line.
d. Maintaining bed rest and providing sedation to lower the BP.
e. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of heart failure and changes in mental status.
Answer:
a. Measuring hourly urine output.
c. Continuous BP monitoring with an intraarterial line
e. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of heart failure and changes in mental status.
Question:
7. which of the following are teaching points for patients with orthostatic hypotension? (select all that
apply)
a. eat a low sodium diet
b. avoid prolonged standing
c. avoid cholesterol in diet
d. avoid hot baths and showers
e. rise slowly
Answer:
b. avoid prolonged standing
d. avoid hot baths and showers
e. rise slowly
,Question:
8. what may occur if antihypertensive drugs are stopped abruptly?
a. hypotensive crisis
b. orthostatic hypotension
c. rebound hypertension
d. bradycardia
Answer:
c. rebound hypertension
Question:
9. what is hypertension?
Answer:
sustained elevation of systemic arterial BP
Question:
10. what is coronary artery disease?
Answer:
type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of atherosclerosis.
affects heart's arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially the reduced flow of oxygen
and nutrients to the myocardium.
Question:
11. How many people in Canada will experience a myocardial infarction in a given year?
a. 20 000
b. 50 000
c. 70 000
d. 100 000
Answer:
c. 70 000
Question:
12. A nurse is teaching a client about coronary artery disease. Which changes occur in this disorder and
should be included in the explanation? (Select all that apply)
a. Diffuse involvement of plaque formation in coronary veins
b. Abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. Accumulation of lipid plaques or calcification within the coronary arteries
d. Development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
e. Chronic vasoconstriction of coronary arteries leading to permanent vasospasm
Answer:
b. Abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. Accumulation of lipid plaques or calcification within the coronary arteries
d. Development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
, Question:
13. Which statement indicates that the client requires additional instruction in reducing cardiac risk
factors?
a. "I would like to add weightlifting to my exercise program."
b. "I can't keep my blood pressure normal without medication."
c. "I can change my diet to decrease my intake of saturated fats."
d. "I will change my lifestyle to reduce activities that increase my stress."
Answer:
a. "I would like to add weightlifting to my exercise program."
Question:
14. A hospitalized client with angina tells the nurse that she is having chest pain. What best describes the
nature of anginal pain?
a. It will be relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both.
b. It is less severe than the pain of a myocardial infarction.
c. It indicates that irreversible cellular damage is occurring.
d. It is frequently associated with vomiting and extreme fatigue.
Answer:
a. It will be relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both.
Question:
15. What does the clinical spectrum of ACS include?
a. Unstable angina and STEMI
b. Unstable angina and NSTEMI
c. Stable angina and sudden cardiac death
d. Unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI
Answer:
d. Unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI
Question:
16. In a client recovering from an MI, in which period is the heart most vulnerable to stress?
a. 3 weeks after the infarction
b. 4 to 6 days after the infarction
c. 10 to 14 days after the infarction
d. When healing is complete, at 6 to 8 weeks
Answer:
c. 10 to 14 days after the infarction
Question:
17. A client is admitted to the ED with chest pain of 2 hours' duration, ECG findings consistent with an
acute MI, and occasional ventricular dysrhythmias. With what pharmacological therapy would the nurse
expect the client to be managed initially?
a. Diuretics
b. Nitroglycerin spray
c. β-Adrenergic blockers
d. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Which BP regulating mechanism(s) can result in the development of hypertension if defective (select all
that apply)?
a. release of norepinephrine
b. secretion of prostaglandins
c. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
d. stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
e. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Answer:
a. release of norepinephrine
c. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
e. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Question:
2. While obtaining subjective assessment data from a client with hypertension, the nurse recognizes which
of the following as a modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension?
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Excessive alcohol intake
c. A family history of hypertension
d. Consumption of a high-carbohydrate, high-calcium diet
Answer:
b. Excessive alcohol intake
Question:
3. The nurse includes which of the following ideas in teaching a client with hypertension about controlling
the condition?
a. All clients with elevated BP require medication.
b. It is not necessary to limit salt in the diet if taking a diuretic.
c. Obese people must achieve a normal weight in order to lower BP.
d. Lifestyle modifications are indicated for all people with elevated BP.
Answer:
d. Lifestyle modifications are indicated for all people with elevated BP.
Question:
4. What is a major consideration in the management of an older adult with hypertension?
a. Prevent pseudohypertension from converting to true hypertension.
b. Recognize that older adults are less likely to adhere to the drug therapy than younger adults.
c. Ensure that the client receives larger initial doses of antihypertensive drugs because of impaired
absorption.
d. Use careful technique in assessing the BP of the client because of the possible presence of an
auscultatory gap.
,Answer:
d. Use careful technique in assessing the BP of the client because of the possible presence of an
auscultatory gap.
Question:
5. A client with newly diagnosed hypertension has a blood pressure of 158/98 mm Hg after 12 months of
exercise and diet modifications. How does the nurse advise the client?
a. Medication may be required because the BP is still not within the normal range.
b. Continued monitoring of the BP every 3 to 6 months is all that will be necessary for treatment.
c. Because lifestyle modifications were not effective, they do not need to be continued and drugs will be
used.
d. The client will have to make more vigorous changes in lifestyle if the client wants to stay off medication
for hypertension.
Answer:
a. Medication may be required because the BP is still not within the normal range
Question:
6. A patient is admitted to the hospital in hypertensive emergency (BP 244/142 mm Hg). Sodium
nitroprusside is started to treat the elevated BP. Which management strategy(ies) would be appropriate for
this patient? (Select all that apply)
a. Measuring hourly urine output.
b. Decreasing the MAP by 50% within the first hour.
c. Continuous BP monitoring with an intraarterial line.
d. Maintaining bed rest and providing sedation to lower the BP.
e. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of heart failure and changes in mental status.
Answer:
a. Measuring hourly urine output.
c. Continuous BP monitoring with an intraarterial line
e. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of heart failure and changes in mental status.
Question:
7. which of the following are teaching points for patients with orthostatic hypotension? (select all that
apply)
a. eat a low sodium diet
b. avoid prolonged standing
c. avoid cholesterol in diet
d. avoid hot baths and showers
e. rise slowly
Answer:
b. avoid prolonged standing
d. avoid hot baths and showers
e. rise slowly
,Question:
8. what may occur if antihypertensive drugs are stopped abruptly?
a. hypotensive crisis
b. orthostatic hypotension
c. rebound hypertension
d. bradycardia
Answer:
c. rebound hypertension
Question:
9. what is hypertension?
Answer:
sustained elevation of systemic arterial BP
Question:
10. what is coronary artery disease?
Answer:
type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of atherosclerosis.
affects heart's arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially the reduced flow of oxygen
and nutrients to the myocardium.
Question:
11. How many people in Canada will experience a myocardial infarction in a given year?
a. 20 000
b. 50 000
c. 70 000
d. 100 000
Answer:
c. 70 000
Question:
12. A nurse is teaching a client about coronary artery disease. Which changes occur in this disorder and
should be included in the explanation? (Select all that apply)
a. Diffuse involvement of plaque formation in coronary veins
b. Abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. Accumulation of lipid plaques or calcification within the coronary arteries
d. Development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
e. Chronic vasoconstriction of coronary arteries leading to permanent vasospasm
Answer:
b. Abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. Accumulation of lipid plaques or calcification within the coronary arteries
d. Development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
, Question:
13. Which statement indicates that the client requires additional instruction in reducing cardiac risk
factors?
a. "I would like to add weightlifting to my exercise program."
b. "I can't keep my blood pressure normal without medication."
c. "I can change my diet to decrease my intake of saturated fats."
d. "I will change my lifestyle to reduce activities that increase my stress."
Answer:
a. "I would like to add weightlifting to my exercise program."
Question:
14. A hospitalized client with angina tells the nurse that she is having chest pain. What best describes the
nature of anginal pain?
a. It will be relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both.
b. It is less severe than the pain of a myocardial infarction.
c. It indicates that irreversible cellular damage is occurring.
d. It is frequently associated with vomiting and extreme fatigue.
Answer:
a. It will be relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both.
Question:
15. What does the clinical spectrum of ACS include?
a. Unstable angina and STEMI
b. Unstable angina and NSTEMI
c. Stable angina and sudden cardiac death
d. Unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI
Answer:
d. Unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI
Question:
16. In a client recovering from an MI, in which period is the heart most vulnerable to stress?
a. 3 weeks after the infarction
b. 4 to 6 days after the infarction
c. 10 to 14 days after the infarction
d. When healing is complete, at 6 to 8 weeks
Answer:
c. 10 to 14 days after the infarction
Question:
17. A client is admitted to the ED with chest pain of 2 hours' duration, ECG findings consistent with an
acute MI, and occasional ventricular dysrhythmias. With what pharmacological therapy would the nurse
expect the client to be managed initially?
a. Diuretics
b. Nitroglycerin spray
c. β-Adrenergic blockers
d. Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator
