BIO 110 Bio Final Study Guide

Understand the structure and function of DNA: -DNA is a molecule that all living organisms carry in almost every cell in their body. -It contains instructions for the functions of every cell.  Explain the relationship between genes and proteins: Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins.  Describe the processes of transcription and translation:  -transcription, in which a copy of a gene’s base sequence is made, and -translation, in which that copy is used to direct the production of a polypeptide.  Identify the impact and causes of mutations: Alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA -can lead to changes in the structure and function of the proteins produced -can have a range of effects  Explain how genes with mutations can cause illness or disorder: Can cause disorders and diseases causing the body to become un-adaptive. (Cancer, disorders…etc)  Understand the basic tools used in the application of biotechnology: What is biotechnology- Adding, deleting, or transplanting genes from one organism to another, to alter the organisms in useful ways. (The 5 tools) 1. Chop up the DNA from a donor organism that exhibits the trait of interest. 2. Amplify the small amount of DNA into more useful quantities. 3. Insert the different DNA pieces into bacterial cells or viruses. 4. Grow separate colonies of the bacteria or viruses, each containing a different inserted piece of donor DNA. 5. Identify the colonies that have received the DNA containing the trait of interest. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :26:41 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH Explain how biotechnology can help produce pharmaceuticals, treat disease, and even prevent disease: Treatment of Diabetes  Define terms such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, PCR, and transgenic organisms:  Identify the strengths and weaknesses of gene therapy: Gene therapy has had a poor record of success in curing human diseases, primarily because of technical difficulties in transferring normal-functioning genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disease.