BIOS 251 Chapter 3 comprehensive
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions
Question 1:
are the basic, living, structural, and functional units of the body
Answer:
cells
Question 2:
plasma membrane
Answer:
1. Acts as a barrier separating inside and outside of the cell. 2. Controls
the flow of substances into and out of the cell. 3. Helps identify the cell to
other cells (e.g., immune cells). 4. Participates in intercellular signaling.
Question 3:
cytoplasm
Answer:
consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and
the nucleus. This compartment has two components: cytosol and
organelles
Question 4:
cytosol
Answer:
the fluid portion of cytoplasm, also called intracellular fluid, contains
water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles
,Question 5:
organelles
Answer:
each has a characteristic shape and specific functions. Examples include
the cytoskeleton, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex,
lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria
Question 6:
nucleus
Answer:
a spherical or oval-shaped structure that usually is the most prominent
feature of a cell; is a large organelle that houses most of a cell's DNA; 1.
Controls cellular structure. 2. Directs cellular activities. 3. Produces
ribosomes in nucleoli.
Question 7:
chromosome
Answer:
a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins, contains
thousands of hereditary units called genes
Question 8:
transmembrane
Answer:
proteins
, Question 9:
enzyme
Answer:
catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell
Question 10:
is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to
another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane
Answer:
concentration gradient
Question 11:
electrochemical gradient
Answer:
The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical
gradient on movement of a particular ion
Question 12:
passive transport Movement of substances down a concentration
gradient until equilibrium is
Answer:
reached; do not require cellular energy in the form of ATP.
Question 13:
active transport
Answer:
Movement of substances against a concentration gradient; requires
cellular energy in the form of ATP.
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions
Question 1:
are the basic, living, structural, and functional units of the body
Answer:
cells
Question 2:
plasma membrane
Answer:
1. Acts as a barrier separating inside and outside of the cell. 2. Controls
the flow of substances into and out of the cell. 3. Helps identify the cell to
other cells (e.g., immune cells). 4. Participates in intercellular signaling.
Question 3:
cytoplasm
Answer:
consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and
the nucleus. This compartment has two components: cytosol and
organelles
Question 4:
cytosol
Answer:
the fluid portion of cytoplasm, also called intracellular fluid, contains
water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles
,Question 5:
organelles
Answer:
each has a characteristic shape and specific functions. Examples include
the cytoskeleton, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex,
lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria
Question 6:
nucleus
Answer:
a spherical or oval-shaped structure that usually is the most prominent
feature of a cell; is a large organelle that houses most of a cell's DNA; 1.
Controls cellular structure. 2. Directs cellular activities. 3. Produces
ribosomes in nucleoli.
Question 7:
chromosome
Answer:
a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins, contains
thousands of hereditary units called genes
Question 8:
transmembrane
Answer:
proteins
, Question 9:
enzyme
Answer:
catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell
Question 10:
is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to
another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane
Answer:
concentration gradient
Question 11:
electrochemical gradient
Answer:
The combined influence of the concentration gradient and the electrical
gradient on movement of a particular ion
Question 12:
passive transport Movement of substances down a concentration
gradient until equilibrium is
Answer:
reached; do not require cellular energy in the form of ATP.
Question 13:
active transport
Answer:
Movement of substances against a concentration gradient; requires
cellular energy in the form of ATP.
