Page |1
PSE 201 Final Exam Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
What are the major categories of chemical additives used for
papermaking?
Ans: retention aids, sizing agents, fillers, strength agents, alum
What is so special about "alkaline papermaking?"
Ans: It allows the use of calcium carbonate as a filler.
What are the three broad goals of the stock prep area?
Ans: Achieve desired product properties, set/control sheet
basis weight, increase sheet strength
How is the stock prep area set up?
Ans: A collection of tile-lined tanks called "chests." The dump
chest contains the raw pulp. The mix (or blend) chest receives
from the dump chest and the furnish components and feeds the
refiners. The machine chest receives the refined stock and
feeds the stuff box.
Why do we refine?
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: It decreases yield loss at lower-cost grades
What physical changes occur to a papermaking fiber when it goes
through refining? What changes occur to the stock?
Ans: They collapse into flat ribbons, fibrillate, become more
conformable, and can be shortened.
Where do fines come from?
Ans: Refining
What things get better with refining? What things get worse?
Ans: Tensile and burst strength, formation, smoothness, and
printability get better. Tear strength, freeness, yield, opacity,
bulk, and air porosity get worse.
What is the nature of the refining action? What type of equipment has
been used to induce this action into papermaking stock?
Ans: It is a "rolling friction." Equipment that has been used to
induce this include the beater, Jordan, Claflin, and disk.
What is freeness? How is it measured?
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
PSE 201 Final Exam Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
What are the major categories of chemical additives used for
papermaking?
Ans: retention aids, sizing agents, fillers, strength agents, alum
What is so special about "alkaline papermaking?"
Ans: It allows the use of calcium carbonate as a filler.
What are the three broad goals of the stock prep area?
Ans: Achieve desired product properties, set/control sheet
basis weight, increase sheet strength
How is the stock prep area set up?
Ans: A collection of tile-lined tanks called "chests." The dump
chest contains the raw pulp. The mix (or blend) chest receives
from the dump chest and the furnish components and feeds the
refiners. The machine chest receives the refined stock and
feeds the stuff box.
Why do we refine?
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: It decreases yield loss at lower-cost grades
What physical changes occur to a papermaking fiber when it goes
through refining? What changes occur to the stock?
Ans: They collapse into flat ribbons, fibrillate, become more
conformable, and can be shortened.
Where do fines come from?
Ans: Refining
What things get better with refining? What things get worse?
Ans: Tensile and burst strength, formation, smoothness, and
printability get better. Tear strength, freeness, yield, opacity,
bulk, and air porosity get worse.
What is the nature of the refining action? What type of equipment has
been used to induce this action into papermaking stock?
Ans: It is a "rolling friction." Equipment that has been used to
induce this include the beater, Jordan, Claflin, and disk.
What is freeness? How is it measured?
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
