NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL AND MIDTERM 6501|3VERSIONS
WALDEN UNIVERSITY REAL EXAM
2026/2027 LATEST EDITION NEW!!! RATED
A+
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case?
The infant has an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It
was most likely __________ cardiomyopathy.
hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is:
The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia?
End tidal carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical
exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in children?
Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are
tripod positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator
with respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate?
,Decrease the respiratory rate on the ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 =
29 mEq/L.
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include:
urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in
acute cystitis?
White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action?
Check the serum potassium level.
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous?
Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome.
Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most
likely a component of:
protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step?
A p24 antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it:
D) induces short-term protection.
, In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematous?
Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been
eating well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks
bloated. They also noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical
examination reveals a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and
upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly
and splenomegaly. The remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of
hematologic cancer should be suspected?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?
Fever, dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely
cause is:
iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection
that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism.
How does sickle cell lead to priapism?
The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of:
cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and
a positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy?
It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone.
FINAL AND MIDTERM 6501|3VERSIONS
WALDEN UNIVERSITY REAL EXAM
2026/2027 LATEST EDITION NEW!!! RATED
A+
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case?
The infant has an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It
was most likely __________ cardiomyopathy.
hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is:
The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia?
End tidal carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical
exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in children?
Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are
tripod positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator
with respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate?
,Decrease the respiratory rate on the ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 =
29 mEq/L.
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include:
urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in
acute cystitis?
White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action?
Check the serum potassium level.
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous?
Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome.
Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most
likely a component of:
protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step?
A p24 antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it:
D) induces short-term protection.
, In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following
diagnostic test findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus
erythematous?
Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been
eating well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks
bloated. They also noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical
examination reveals a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and
upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly
and splenomegaly. The remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of
hematologic cancer should be suspected?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?
Fever, dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely
cause is:
iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection
that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism.
How does sickle cell lead to priapism?
The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of:
cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and
a positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy?
It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone.
