NSG 3130 EXAM 4 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS SKILLS
NURSING 2026/2027 – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED | DETAILED RATIONALES – PASS GUARANTEED –
A+ GRADED
CORE DOMAINS
• Perioperative Nursing Care
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
• Respiratory Care and Oxygenation
• Cardiovascular Monitoring and Complications
• Palliative and End-of-Life Care
• Grief, Loss, and Coping
• Medication Administration and IV Therapy
• Wound Care and Surgical Asepsis
• Patient Safety and Clinical Judgment
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment evaluates the nursing student's mastery
of fundamental nursing concepts and skills required for the NSG 3130
Exam 4 at Galen College of Nursing. It measures competency across
perioperative care, fluid and electrolyte balance, respiratory
management, cardiovascular monitoring, palliative care, grief and loss,
and medication administration. The examination employs multiple-
choice and scenario-based questions that test clinical judgment,
prioritization, and evidence-based nursing interventions. Candidates
must demonstrate the ability to assess patients safely, recognize
complications, and implement appropriate nursing actions. This
,evaluation ensures successful participants possess the foundational
knowledge necessary for safe, patient-centered nursing practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. A nurse is caring for a client who had abdominal surgery 24
hours ago. The client reports pain at the incision site and has a
temperature of 100.2°F. Which finding should the nurse report to
the provider immediately?
A. Pain at the incision site
B. Temperature of 100.2°F
C. Absent bowel sounds
D. Heart rate of 88 bpm
C. Absent bowel sounds
RATIONALE: Absent bowel sounds 24 hours after abdominal
surgery may indicate paralytic ileus, a common postoperative
complication requiring immediate intervention. Mild temperature
elevation and incisional pain are expected findings in the immediate
postoperative period .
2. A client is scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which
instruction should the nurse include in preoperative teaching?
A. "You may eat a light breakfast before surgery."
B. "You should not eat or drink after midnight."
C. "You can take your morning medications with a sip of water."
D. "You can drink coffee as usual."
B. "You should not eat or drink after midnight."
, RATIONALE: NPO (nothing by mouth) after midnight is standard
preoperative instruction to prevent aspiration during anesthesia. Specific
instructions may vary by facility and surgeon .
3. A postoperative client reports a "popping" sensation at the
abdominal incision site after coughing. Upon inspection, the nurse
notes that the wound has opened and internal organs are visible.
Which is the priority action?
A. Apply a dry sterile dressing immediately
B. Cover the wound with sterile dressings soaked in normal saline
C. Place the patient in a High-Fowler's position
D. Push the organs back into the abdominal cavity
B. Cover the wound with sterile dressings soaked in normal saline
RATIONALE: Evisceration is a surgical emergency where
abdominal organs protrude through a dehisced incision. The nurse
should immediately cover the exposed organs with sterile dressings
moistened with sterile normal saline to prevent tissue drying and
necrosis .
4. A client is postoperative day 1 following surgery. Which finding
requires immediate follow-up?
A. Temperature of 100.2°F
B. Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg
C. Heart rate of 88 bpm
D. Urine output of 15 mL/hr
D. Urine output of 15 mL/hr
, RATIONALE: Urine output less than 30 mL/hr indicates inadequate
renal perfusion and possible hypovolemia or shock. This requires
immediate follow-up and intervention .
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 2.8
mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
A. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
B. Peaked T waves on an EKG
C. Increased deep tendon reflexes
D. Positive Trousseau's sign
A. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
RATIONALE: A potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates
hypokalemia, which commonly presents with muscle weakness, leg
cramps, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Peaked T waves are associated with
hyperkalemia .
6. A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.25, PaCO2 50, and HCO3 24.
How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
RATIONALE: The pH of 7.25 is below the normal range of 7.35-
7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 of 50 is elevated above the normal
range of 35-45, while the HCO3 is within normal limits. Because the
NURSING 2026/2027 – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED | DETAILED RATIONALES – PASS GUARANTEED –
A+ GRADED
CORE DOMAINS
• Perioperative Nursing Care
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
• Respiratory Care and Oxygenation
• Cardiovascular Monitoring and Complications
• Palliative and End-of-Life Care
• Grief, Loss, and Coping
• Medication Administration and IV Therapy
• Wound Care and Surgical Asepsis
• Patient Safety and Clinical Judgment
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive assessment evaluates the nursing student's mastery
of fundamental nursing concepts and skills required for the NSG 3130
Exam 4 at Galen College of Nursing. It measures competency across
perioperative care, fluid and electrolyte balance, respiratory
management, cardiovascular monitoring, palliative care, grief and loss,
and medication administration. The examination employs multiple-
choice and scenario-based questions that test clinical judgment,
prioritization, and evidence-based nursing interventions. Candidates
must demonstrate the ability to assess patients safely, recognize
complications, and implement appropriate nursing actions. This
,evaluation ensures successful participants possess the foundational
knowledge necessary for safe, patient-centered nursing practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. A nurse is caring for a client who had abdominal surgery 24
hours ago. The client reports pain at the incision site and has a
temperature of 100.2°F. Which finding should the nurse report to
the provider immediately?
A. Pain at the incision site
B. Temperature of 100.2°F
C. Absent bowel sounds
D. Heart rate of 88 bpm
C. Absent bowel sounds
RATIONALE: Absent bowel sounds 24 hours after abdominal
surgery may indicate paralytic ileus, a common postoperative
complication requiring immediate intervention. Mild temperature
elevation and incisional pain are expected findings in the immediate
postoperative period .
2. A client is scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which
instruction should the nurse include in preoperative teaching?
A. "You may eat a light breakfast before surgery."
B. "You should not eat or drink after midnight."
C. "You can take your morning medications with a sip of water."
D. "You can drink coffee as usual."
B. "You should not eat or drink after midnight."
, RATIONALE: NPO (nothing by mouth) after midnight is standard
preoperative instruction to prevent aspiration during anesthesia. Specific
instructions may vary by facility and surgeon .
3. A postoperative client reports a "popping" sensation at the
abdominal incision site after coughing. Upon inspection, the nurse
notes that the wound has opened and internal organs are visible.
Which is the priority action?
A. Apply a dry sterile dressing immediately
B. Cover the wound with sterile dressings soaked in normal saline
C. Place the patient in a High-Fowler's position
D. Push the organs back into the abdominal cavity
B. Cover the wound with sterile dressings soaked in normal saline
RATIONALE: Evisceration is a surgical emergency where
abdominal organs protrude through a dehisced incision. The nurse
should immediately cover the exposed organs with sterile dressings
moistened with sterile normal saline to prevent tissue drying and
necrosis .
4. A client is postoperative day 1 following surgery. Which finding
requires immediate follow-up?
A. Temperature of 100.2°F
B. Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg
C. Heart rate of 88 bpm
D. Urine output of 15 mL/hr
D. Urine output of 15 mL/hr
, RATIONALE: Urine output less than 30 mL/hr indicates inadequate
renal perfusion and possible hypovolemia or shock. This requires
immediate follow-up and intervention .
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 2.8
mEq/L. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
A. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
B. Peaked T waves on an EKG
C. Increased deep tendon reflexes
D. Positive Trousseau's sign
A. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias
RATIONALE: A potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates
hypokalemia, which commonly presents with muscle weakness, leg
cramps, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Peaked T waves are associated with
hyperkalemia .
6. A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.25, PaCO2 50, and HCO3 24.
How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
B. Respiratory Acidosis
RATIONALE: The pH of 7.25 is below the normal range of 7.35-
7.45, indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 of 50 is elevated above the normal
range of 35-45, while the HCO3 is within normal limits. Because the
