BIOL 101 Week 5 Quiz V3 | BIOL 101 Principles of
Biology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (BIOL101
Week 5 Quiz) | Liberty University
1. Which scientist is historically recognized as the ‘Father of Genetics’ for his work with pea
plants?
A. Charles Darwin
B. James Watson
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Francis Crick
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian friar who conducted extensive research
on pea plants in the mid-19th century. His experiments led to the discovery of the basic
principles of heredity, including the Law of Segregation. His work provided the foundation
for the modern science of genetics.
2. A specific version of a gene found at a specific locus on a chromosome is called a(n):
A. Phenotype
B. Allele
C. Genotype
D. Genome
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by
mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. These variations account for
the diversity of traits observed in different individuals. Organisms typically inherit one
allele from each parent for every gene.
3. If an organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait, it is said to be:
A. Polygenic
B. Heterozygous
C. Hemizygous
D. Homozygous
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Homozygous refers to a genetic condition where an individual inherits the
same alleles for a particular gene from both parents. This can be either homozygous
dominant (AA) or homozygous recessive (aa). In such cases, the organism will always
breed true for that specific trait.
4. The physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its:
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Pedigree
, D. Haplotype
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Examples include eye
color, height, and blood type. While the genotype provides the blueprint, the phenotype is
what is actually expressed.
5. According to Mendel’s Law of Segregation, how many alleles for a single gene does a
gamete carry?
A. Zero
B. Two
C. One
D. Four
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two
alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete receives only one. This occurs during the
process of meiosis when homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. Fertilization then
restores the diploid number of alleles in the offspring.
6. Which tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two
individuals?
A. Punnett square
Biology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (BIOL101
Week 5 Quiz) | Liberty University
1. Which scientist is historically recognized as the ‘Father of Genetics’ for his work with pea
plants?
A. Charles Darwin
B. James Watson
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Francis Crick
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian friar who conducted extensive research
on pea plants in the mid-19th century. His experiments led to the discovery of the basic
principles of heredity, including the Law of Segregation. His work provided the foundation
for the modern science of genetics.
2. A specific version of a gene found at a specific locus on a chromosome is called a(n):
A. Phenotype
B. Allele
C. Genotype
D. Genome
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by
mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. These variations account for
the diversity of traits observed in different individuals. Organisms typically inherit one
allele from each parent for every gene.
3. If an organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait, it is said to be:
A. Polygenic
B. Heterozygous
C. Hemizygous
D. Homozygous
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Homozygous refers to a genetic condition where an individual inherits the
same alleles for a particular gene from both parents. This can be either homozygous
dominant (AA) or homozygous recessive (aa). In such cases, the organism will always
breed true for that specific trait.
4. The physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its:
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Pedigree
, D. Haplotype
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Examples include eye
color, height, and blood type. While the genotype provides the blueprint, the phenotype is
what is actually expressed.
5. According to Mendel’s Law of Segregation, how many alleles for a single gene does a
gamete carry?
A. Zero
B. Two
C. One
D. Four
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two
alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete receives only one. This occurs during the
process of meiosis when homologous chromosomes are pulled apart. Fertilization then
restores the diploid number of alleles in the offspring.
6. Which tool is used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between two
individuals?
A. Punnett square
