HESI Med-Surg RN Specialty Exam 2026 |
Practice Questions & Verified Answers |
Comprehensive Medical-Surgical Nursing
Review
When describing patient education approaches, the nurse
educator would explain that informal teaching is an approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C. Informal
teaching is individualized one on one teaching which represents
the majority of patient education done by nurses that occurs when
an intervention is explained or a question is answered. Group
needs are often the focus of formal patient education courses or
classes. Informal teaching does not necessarily follow a specific
formalized plan. It may be planned with specific content, but it is
individualized responses to patient needs. Formal teaching
involves the use of a curriculum/course plan with standardized
content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work,
family, and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type
would the nurse use to develop a plan of care for the best results
of this patient's motivation style?
,a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C. Cognitive theorists
believe that attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction
(ARCS) are the conditions that, when integrated, motivate
someone to learn. Field theorists place significance on how
achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and avoidance
motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are not
involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at
greater risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C, D,
E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses
are at greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume
alcohol, or have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher
incidence of frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than
younger clients
,c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it
as much - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-D
There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients
perceive pain any differently than younger clients. The other
statements are accurate regarding older clients and pain.
The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game
on a hot day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling
well. Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26
breaths/min, and blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his
feet as the nurse leads him to a cot. What is the priory action of
the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink -
{✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical
emergency. The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP.
The nurs should take actions to lower his body temp in teh
meantime by removing his shirt and sponging his body with cool
water. Lowering body temp by drinking cool fluids or taking
acetaminophen is not as effective in an emergency situation. The
client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina
1000 mL solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client
states that the area around the IV site burns. What intervention
does the nurse perform first?
, a. assess for a blood return
b. notify the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to
discontinue the solution that contains the potassium and
discontinue the IV altogether, in which case the client would need
another site started. Assessing for a blood return may or may not
be successful. The solution could be diluted (less potassium) and
the rate could be slowed once it is determined that the needle is
in the vein.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this
client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-
D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to
meet rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved
pain has been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects
system wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
Practice Questions & Verified Answers |
Comprehensive Medical-Surgical Nursing
Review
When describing patient education approaches, the nurse
educator would explain that informal teaching is an approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C. Informal
teaching is individualized one on one teaching which represents
the majority of patient education done by nurses that occurs when
an intervention is explained or a question is answered. Group
needs are often the focus of formal patient education courses or
classes. Informal teaching does not necessarily follow a specific
formalized plan. It may be planned with specific content, but it is
individualized responses to patient needs. Formal teaching
involves the use of a curriculum/course plan with standardized
content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work,
family, and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type
would the nurse use to develop a plan of care for the best results
of this patient's motivation style?
,a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C. Cognitive theorists
believe that attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction
(ARCS) are the conditions that, when integrated, motivate
someone to learn. Field theorists place significance on how
achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and avoidance
motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are not
involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at
greater risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C, D,
E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses
are at greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume
alcohol, or have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher
incidence of frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than
younger clients
,c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it
as much - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-D
There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients
perceive pain any differently than younger clients. The other
statements are accurate regarding older clients and pain.
The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game
on a hot day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling
well. Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26
breaths/min, and blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his
feet as the nurse leads him to a cot. What is the priory action of
the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink -
{✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical
emergency. The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP.
The nurs should take actions to lower his body temp in teh
meantime by removing his shirt and sponging his body with cool
water. Lowering body temp by drinking cool fluids or taking
acetaminophen is not as effective in an emergency situation. The
client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina
1000 mL solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client
states that the area around the IV site burns. What intervention
does the nurse perform first?
, a. assess for a blood return
b. notify the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to
discontinue the solution that contains the potassium and
discontinue the IV altogether, in which case the client would need
another site started. Assessing for a blood return may or may not
be successful. The solution could be diluted (less potassium) and
the rate could be slowed once it is determined that the needle is
in the vein.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this
client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-
D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to
meet rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved
pain has been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects
system wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
