Test Bank for Corrections The Essentials 5e Mary Stohr, Anthony Walsh | All
Chapters 1- 15 | MCQs, True False, Essay Questions with Answers
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, Chapter 1 Test Bank
The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
Multiple Choice Questions
1. As of 2021, what is the national crime data reporting system used in the United States?
A. Uniform Crime Reports
B. National Crime Victimization Survey
C. National Incident Based Reporting System
D. Survey of Prison Inmates
Correct Answer: C. National Incident Based Reporting System
2. Beccaria argued that a system of punishment should include punishment that is certain, swift, and
______.
A. severe
B. utilitarian
C. empirically sound
D. restitutive
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Correct Answer: A. severe
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3. Bentham argued that people's behavior should be judged according to its effects on the happiness of
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the rest of the community, a concept called ______.
A. retributive justice
B. restitutive justice
C. the principle of utility
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D. the hedonistic calculus
Correct Answer: C. the principle of utility
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4. During which period in history did positivism emerge?
A. antiquity
B. the Enlightenment
C. the 19th century
D. the 20th century
Correct Answer: C. the 19th century
5. In criminal justice terms, ______ is the state-authorized imposition of some form of deprivation upon a
person justly convicted of a violation of the criminal law.
A. corrections
B. punishment
C. penology
D. uncontrolled vengeance
Correct Answer: B. punishment
Chapter 1 Page 1
, 6. Nationwide rates of ______ suggest approximately 33% of former prisoners reoffend within six months.
A. incapacitation
B. deterrence
C. recidivism
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: C. recidivism
7. Overall, the United States is closer to a pure ______ model than a pure crime control model.
A. restitutive justice
B. retributive justice
C. utilitarian
D. due process
Correct Answer: D. due process
8. The ______ model emphasizes community protection from criminals and stresses that civil liberty can
only have real meaning in a safe and well-ordered society.
A. crime control
B. due process
C. retributive justice
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D. restitutive justice
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Correct Answer: A. crime control
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9. The crime control model and the due process model are ______ models meant to exaggerate differences
between correctional systems.
A. contrast effect
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B. utilitarian
C. ideal-type
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D. positivistic
Correct Answer: C. ideal-type
10. The crime control model argues that cases that enter the criminal justice system should be handled
______.
A. carefully and deliberately
B. informally and uniformly
C. individually and uniquely
D. slowly and steadily
Correct Answer: B. informally and uniformly
11. The functions carried out by government or private agencies that deal with individuals who have been
convicted or accused of crimes are collectively known as ______.
A. criminology
B. penology
C. corrections
D. deterrence
Correct Answer: C. corrections
Chapter 1 Page 2
, 12. The idea that offenders are not to be trusted and should be constrained is associated with ______.
A. deterrence
B. retribution
C. incapacitation
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: C. incapacitation
13. The three major subsystems of the criminal justice system in the United States are police, courts, and
______.
A. penology
B. deterrence
C. corrections
D. treatment
Correct Answer: C. corrections
14. What is one commonality that is shared by the primary justifications for punishment?
A. benefiting the community
B. saving money
C. serving justice
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D. preventing crime
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Correct Answer: D. preventing crime
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15. When the state assumes responsibility for punishing wrongdoers, rather than leaving this up to
individuals, it is called ______.
A. the Classical approach
Tu st
B. the hedonistic calculus
C. deterrence
Te
D. controlled vengeance
Correct Answer: D. controlled vengeance
16. Which doctrine maintains that all life goals are desirable only as means to the end of achieving
pleasure or avoiding pain?
A. rationality
B. positivism
C. principle of utility
D. hedonism
Correct Answer: D. hedonism
17. Which justification for punishment taps most directly into humankind's primitive desire for revenge?
A. retribution
B. deterrence
C. incapacitation
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A. retribution
Chapter 1 Page 3
Chapters 1- 15 | MCQs, True False, Essay Questions with Answers
ec k
n
rS n
tio
to Ba
Tu st
Te
, Chapter 1 Test Bank
The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
Multiple Choice Questions
1. As of 2021, what is the national crime data reporting system used in the United States?
A. Uniform Crime Reports
B. National Crime Victimization Survey
C. National Incident Based Reporting System
D. Survey of Prison Inmates
Correct Answer: C. National Incident Based Reporting System
2. Beccaria argued that a system of punishment should include punishment that is certain, swift, and
______.
A. severe
B. utilitarian
C. empirically sound
D. restitutive
ec k
n
Correct Answer: A. severe
rS n
tio
3. Bentham argued that people's behavior should be judged according to its effects on the happiness of
to Ba
the rest of the community, a concept called ______.
A. retributive justice
B. restitutive justice
C. the principle of utility
Tu st
D. the hedonistic calculus
Correct Answer: C. the principle of utility
Te
4. During which period in history did positivism emerge?
A. antiquity
B. the Enlightenment
C. the 19th century
D. the 20th century
Correct Answer: C. the 19th century
5. In criminal justice terms, ______ is the state-authorized imposition of some form of deprivation upon a
person justly convicted of a violation of the criminal law.
A. corrections
B. punishment
C. penology
D. uncontrolled vengeance
Correct Answer: B. punishment
Chapter 1 Page 1
, 6. Nationwide rates of ______ suggest approximately 33% of former prisoners reoffend within six months.
A. incapacitation
B. deterrence
C. recidivism
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: C. recidivism
7. Overall, the United States is closer to a pure ______ model than a pure crime control model.
A. restitutive justice
B. retributive justice
C. utilitarian
D. due process
Correct Answer: D. due process
8. The ______ model emphasizes community protection from criminals and stresses that civil liberty can
only have real meaning in a safe and well-ordered society.
A. crime control
B. due process
C. retributive justice
ec k
n
D. restitutive justice
rS n
tio
Correct Answer: A. crime control
to Ba
9. The crime control model and the due process model are ______ models meant to exaggerate differences
between correctional systems.
A. contrast effect
Tu st
B. utilitarian
C. ideal-type
Te
D. positivistic
Correct Answer: C. ideal-type
10. The crime control model argues that cases that enter the criminal justice system should be handled
______.
A. carefully and deliberately
B. informally and uniformly
C. individually and uniquely
D. slowly and steadily
Correct Answer: B. informally and uniformly
11. The functions carried out by government or private agencies that deal with individuals who have been
convicted or accused of crimes are collectively known as ______.
A. criminology
B. penology
C. corrections
D. deterrence
Correct Answer: C. corrections
Chapter 1 Page 2
, 12. The idea that offenders are not to be trusted and should be constrained is associated with ______.
A. deterrence
B. retribution
C. incapacitation
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: C. incapacitation
13. The three major subsystems of the criminal justice system in the United States are police, courts, and
______.
A. penology
B. deterrence
C. corrections
D. treatment
Correct Answer: C. corrections
14. What is one commonality that is shared by the primary justifications for punishment?
A. benefiting the community
B. saving money
C. serving justice
ec k
n
D. preventing crime
rS n
tio
Correct Answer: D. preventing crime
to Ba
15. When the state assumes responsibility for punishing wrongdoers, rather than leaving this up to
individuals, it is called ______.
A. the Classical approach
Tu st
B. the hedonistic calculus
C. deterrence
Te
D. controlled vengeance
Correct Answer: D. controlled vengeance
16. Which doctrine maintains that all life goals are desirable only as means to the end of achieving
pleasure or avoiding pain?
A. rationality
B. positivism
C. principle of utility
D. hedonism
Correct Answer: D. hedonism
17. Which justification for punishment taps most directly into humankind's primitive desire for revenge?
A. retribution
B. deterrence
C. incapacitation
D. rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A. retribution
Chapter 1 Page 3
