NR507- Midterm Test Advanced Patho (Cardiac,
Pulmonary, Hematology, Renal) with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
Hematopoiesis ✔Correct Answer-blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia ✔Correct Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis ✔Correct Answer-formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-small, abnormally shaped erythrocytes
that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Characterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia ✔Correct Answer-anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to
build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes ✔Correct Answer-red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia ✔Correct Answer-A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an
abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia ✔Correct Answer-Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually
seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
, pernicious anemia ✔Correct Answer-Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemolytic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Characterized by an inadequate number of circulating
red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) ✔Correct Answer-Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin ✔Correct Answer-Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy ✔Correct Answer-Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid is
necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes ✔Correct Answer-Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility,
drug induced
Role of macrophages ✔Correct Answer-Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
Adaptive:
1. Phagocytosis: opsonization with complement or Abs
2. Secrete cytokines: recruit more cells etc.
3. Antigen presentation: peptides from the broken down pathogen are displayed on surface of
the cell.
Note: macrophages and dendrites are the majoy antigen processing and antigen presenting cells
that initiate immune response
- Present antigen to memory (Th) cells in order to initiate a rapid response to antigens
(secondary immune response)
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma ✔Correct Answer-Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the
muscle bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
Pulmonary, Hematology, Renal) with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
Hematopoiesis ✔Correct Answer-blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia ✔Correct Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis ✔Correct Answer-formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-small, abnormally shaped erythrocytes
that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Characterized by red cells that are
relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia ✔Correct Answer-anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to
build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes ✔Correct Answer-red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia ✔Correct Answer-A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an
abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia ✔Correct Answer-Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually
seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
, pernicious anemia ✔Correct Answer-Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemolytic anemia ✔Correct Answer-Characterized by an inadequate number of circulating
red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) ✔Correct Answer-Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin ✔Correct Answer-Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy ✔Correct Answer-Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid is
necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes ✔Correct Answer-Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility,
drug induced
Role of macrophages ✔Correct Answer-Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
Adaptive:
1. Phagocytosis: opsonization with complement or Abs
2. Secrete cytokines: recruit more cells etc.
3. Antigen presentation: peptides from the broken down pathogen are displayed on surface of
the cell.
Note: macrophages and dendrites are the majoy antigen processing and antigen presenting cells
that initiate immune response
- Present antigen to memory (Th) cells in order to initiate a rapid response to antigens
(secondary immune response)
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma ✔Correct Answer-Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the
muscle bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
