NR507 Midterm Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Actual Complete Update |Already Graded A+
How does blood flow through the heart? ✔Correct Answer-Deoxygenated venous blood →
Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) →
Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) →
Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? ✔Correct Answer-Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole ✔Correct Answer-Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-closing of the heart valves
What produces S1? ✔Correct Answer-The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
What is cardiac output? ✔Correct Answer-the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle
per minute
What is stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle
with contraction
What determines cardiac output? ✔Correct Answer-stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? ✔Correct Answer-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts,
related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle
during diastole
What is afterload? ✔Correct Answer-resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate
blood
What is contractility? ✔Correct Answer-Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force
for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-
Decreased
, What conditions can result in decreased contractility? ✔Correct Answer-Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? ✔Correct Answer-HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to
the aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? ✔Correct Answer-HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? ✔Correct Answer-Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-Increases stroke
volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload? ✔Correct Answer-Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything
that causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-Right (AKA Right sided
HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes
dilation (stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and hypertrophy of
cardiac cells
What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-COPD, PE, Pulmonary fibrosis,
sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
What are causes of heart failure? ✔Correct Answer-CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? ✔Correct Answer-HTN causes increased
LV preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
✔Correct Answer-
✔Correct Answer-
✔Correct Answer-
What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? ✔Correct Answer-nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
What is ventilation? ✔Correct Answer-The action of inhaling and exhaling
Answers |Actual Complete Update |Already Graded A+
How does blood flow through the heart? ✔Correct Answer-Deoxygenated venous blood →
Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) →
Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) →
Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? ✔Correct Answer-Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole ✔Correct Answer-Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-closing of the heart valves
What produces S1? ✔Correct Answer-The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
What is cardiac output? ✔Correct Answer-the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle
per minute
What is stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle
with contraction
What determines cardiac output? ✔Correct Answer-stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? ✔Correct Answer-the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts,
related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle
during diastole
What is afterload? ✔Correct Answer-resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate
blood
What is contractility? ✔Correct Answer-Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force
for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-
Decreased
, What conditions can result in decreased contractility? ✔Correct Answer-Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? ✔Correct Answer-HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to
the aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? ✔Correct Answer-HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? ✔Correct Answer-Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? ✔Correct Answer-Increases stroke
volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload? ✔Correct Answer-Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything
that causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-Right (AKA Right sided
HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes
dilation (stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and hypertrophy of
cardiac cells
What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? ✔Correct Answer-COPD, PE, Pulmonary fibrosis,
sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
What are causes of heart failure? ✔Correct Answer-CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? ✔Correct Answer-HTN causes increased
LV preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
✔Correct Answer-
✔Correct Answer-
✔Correct Answer-
What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? ✔Correct Answer-nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
What is ventilation? ✔Correct Answer-The action of inhaling and exhaling
