,Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following increases mitochondria in the cell?
A) Peroxisomes
B) Nuclear Respiratory Factors I and 2
C) 1, 25 – (OH)2 D3
D) Biochemical signals from lysosomes.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Cell Structure and Organelles
Subject: Chapter 1
2. Which of the following may cause the gallbladder to contract to release bile into the small
intestine to emulsify fat?
A) Leptin
B) Trypsin inhibitor
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Cholecystokinin
Ans: D
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Gastrointestinal Endocrine and Paracrine Substances
Subject: Chapter 2
3. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrate for carbohydrate in the
United State and Canada is:
A) 10% to 15%.
B) 25% to 30%.
C) 45% to 65 %.
D) 75% to 89%.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Carbohydrate Intake, Food Sources, and Recommendations
Subject: Chapter 3
4. Transamination and deamination may be caused by which of the following?
,A) Transfer of an amino group to an α-keto acid
B) Removal of amine groups to form ammonia
C) Amino acid oxidation to create ketoacids and ammonia
D) All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Metabolism of Amino Acids
Subject: Chapter 6
5. Which of the following about the regulation of electrolytes and water by the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system is false?
A) Renin in the kidney is produced in response to either low blood volume, decreased blood
pressure, or low plasma sodium levels.
B) Antidiuretic hormone, when released in the kidney, will decrease urine volume; decreased
levels of antidiuretic hormone will result in increased urine volume.
C) When renin is released, it will go to the liver and convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
D) Aldosterone release will cause the kidney to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium
secretion.
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Properties and Body Distribution of Water
Subject: Chapter 7
6. Total energy expenditure is subdivided into four basic functions: basal metabolism, thermic
effect of activity, thermic effect of food, and:
A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) active thyroid.
C) average temperature.
D) actual tissue.
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Total Energy Expenditure and Components
Subject: Chapter 8
7. Levels of which of the following nutrients are known to increase during long-term food
restriction or starvation?
A) Amino acids
,B) Fatty acids
C) Ketone bodies
D) Glycerol
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Metabolic States and Integrated Energy Metabolism
Subject: Chapter 8
8. There are several equations to estimate basal metabolic rate. One is the Harris and Benedict
formula. What is the basal metabolism of a 35-year-old male who is 190 pounds and 5 feet and
11 inches? The formula for this is as follows:
BMR (Male) = 66.5 + (13.75 x BW) + (5 x Height) – (6.78 x age in years)
BW is in kilograms and height is in centimeters.
A) 1,450 calories
B) 1,671 calories
C) 2,111 calories
D) None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Body Weight and Composition
Subject: Chapter 8
9. Which of the following is not true regarding metabolic syndrome?
A) It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
B) The body is in a state of inflammation.
C) Blood lipid levels, waist circumference, increased blood pressure, and increased fasting blood
glucose levels are characteristics of the syndrome.
D) All of these are true regarding metabolic syndrome.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Regulation of Energy Intake, Storage, and Expenditure
Subject: Chapter 8
10. Which of the following is the most accurate regarding dietary protein requirements for
people who exercise seriously and frequently?
A) Protein requirements are decreased (< 0.8 g/kg BW).
B) Protein requirements are not changed (0.8 g/kg BW).
,C) Protein requirements are doubled (1.6 g/kg BW).
D) Protein requirements are tripled (2.4 g/kg BW).
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
,11. What happens to the circulating concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine during
exercise?
A) They increase.
B) They decrease.
C) They remain the same.
D) They break down to dormant forms.
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Muscle and Exercise Basics
Subject: Chapter 9
12. For which of the following activities would the absolute amount of energy expended from fat
oxidation be highest?
A) Walking
B) Cycling at a moderate pace
C) Cycling at high intensity
D) They are all the same
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
13. During exercise, alanine can be converted to ______ (via transamination) and become a
substrate for gluconeogenesis.
A) lactate
B) glycerol
C) glycogen
D) pyruvate
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
14. Which of the following is a common sign of deficiency of vitamin A?
A) Acne and skin blistering
B) Night blindness and xerophthalmia
,C) Bone and muscle pain
D) Nausea and vomiting
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin A
Subject: Chapter 10
15. All of the following are true statements, except:
A) vitamin D exerts its biochemical influence with the nuclear receptor RXR.
B) cis-retinoic acid helps gene transcription for several proteins such as calbindin and alkaline
phosphatase.
C) PPARα mobilizes calcium from bone using oleic acid as a co-ligand.
D) a protein called the vitamin D receptor binds to 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 to increase serum calcium
levels.
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Vitamin D
Subject: Chapter 10
16. What is the major route of vitamin E excretion?
A) Exhaled air
B) Saliva
C) Component of bile
D) There is no loss by any method.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin E
Subject: Chapter 10
17. Which of the following vitamins functions more like a hormone?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
,Ahead: Vitamin D
Subject: Chapter 10
18. A deficiency of which of the following nutrients leads to petechial hemorrhages?
A) Thiamin
B) Biotin
C) Pantothenic acid
D) Ascorbic acid
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Subject: Chapter 11
19. The conversion or pyruvate to acetyl CoA is dependent on which of the following nutrients?
A) Ascorbic acid
B) Thiamin
C) Riboflavin
D) Vitamin B12
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Subject: Chapter 11
20. Which mineral does vitamin C help absorb?
A) Iron
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Chloride
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Subject: Chapter 11
21. Which of the following is directly involved with the absorption of calcium by the enterocyte?
A) Calmodulin
1. Which of the following increases mitochondria in the cell?
A) Peroxisomes
B) Nuclear Respiratory Factors I and 2
C) 1, 25 – (OH)2 D3
D) Biochemical signals from lysosomes.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Cell Structure and Organelles
Subject: Chapter 1
2. Which of the following may cause the gallbladder to contract to release bile into the small
intestine to emulsify fat?
A) Leptin
B) Trypsin inhibitor
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Cholecystokinin
Ans: D
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Gastrointestinal Endocrine and Paracrine Substances
Subject: Chapter 2
3. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrate for carbohydrate in the
United State and Canada is:
A) 10% to 15%.
B) 25% to 30%.
C) 45% to 65 %.
D) 75% to 89%.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Carbohydrate Intake, Food Sources, and Recommendations
Subject: Chapter 3
4. Transamination and deamination may be caused by which of the following?
,A) Transfer of an amino group to an α-keto acid
B) Removal of amine groups to form ammonia
C) Amino acid oxidation to create ketoacids and ammonia
D) All of these are correct.
Ans: D
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Metabolism of Amino Acids
Subject: Chapter 6
5. Which of the following about the regulation of electrolytes and water by the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system is false?
A) Renin in the kidney is produced in response to either low blood volume, decreased blood
pressure, or low plasma sodium levels.
B) Antidiuretic hormone, when released in the kidney, will decrease urine volume; decreased
levels of antidiuretic hormone will result in increased urine volume.
C) When renin is released, it will go to the liver and convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
D) Aldosterone release will cause the kidney to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium
secretion.
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Properties and Body Distribution of Water
Subject: Chapter 7
6. Total energy expenditure is subdivided into four basic functions: basal metabolism, thermic
effect of activity, thermic effect of food, and:
A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) active thyroid.
C) average temperature.
D) actual tissue.
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Total Energy Expenditure and Components
Subject: Chapter 8
7. Levels of which of the following nutrients are known to increase during long-term food
restriction or starvation?
A) Amino acids
,B) Fatty acids
C) Ketone bodies
D) Glycerol
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Metabolic States and Integrated Energy Metabolism
Subject: Chapter 8
8. There are several equations to estimate basal metabolic rate. One is the Harris and Benedict
formula. What is the basal metabolism of a 35-year-old male who is 190 pounds and 5 feet and
11 inches? The formula for this is as follows:
BMR (Male) = 66.5 + (13.75 x BW) + (5 x Height) – (6.78 x age in years)
BW is in kilograms and height is in centimeters.
A) 1,450 calories
B) 1,671 calories
C) 2,111 calories
D) None of these is correct.
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Body Weight and Composition
Subject: Chapter 8
9. Which of the following is not true regarding metabolic syndrome?
A) It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
B) The body is in a state of inflammation.
C) Blood lipid levels, waist circumference, increased blood pressure, and increased fasting blood
glucose levels are characteristics of the syndrome.
D) All of these are true regarding metabolic syndrome.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Regulation of Energy Intake, Storage, and Expenditure
Subject: Chapter 8
10. Which of the following is the most accurate regarding dietary protein requirements for
people who exercise seriously and frequently?
A) Protein requirements are decreased (< 0.8 g/kg BW).
B) Protein requirements are not changed (0.8 g/kg BW).
,C) Protein requirements are doubled (1.6 g/kg BW).
D) Protein requirements are tripled (2.4 g/kg BW).
Ans: C
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
,11. What happens to the circulating concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine during
exercise?
A) They increase.
B) They decrease.
C) They remain the same.
D) They break down to dormant forms.
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Muscle and Exercise Basics
Subject: Chapter 9
12. For which of the following activities would the absolute amount of energy expended from fat
oxidation be highest?
A) Walking
B) Cycling at a moderate pace
C) Cycling at high intensity
D) They are all the same
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
13. During exercise, alanine can be converted to ______ (via transamination) and become a
substrate for gluconeogenesis.
A) lactate
B) glycerol
C) glycogen
D) pyruvate
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Energy, Supportive Nutrients, and Exercise
Subject: Chapter 9
14. Which of the following is a common sign of deficiency of vitamin A?
A) Acne and skin blistering
B) Night blindness and xerophthalmia
,C) Bone and muscle pain
D) Nausea and vomiting
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin A
Subject: Chapter 10
15. All of the following are true statements, except:
A) vitamin D exerts its biochemical influence with the nuclear receptor RXR.
B) cis-retinoic acid helps gene transcription for several proteins such as calbindin and alkaline
phosphatase.
C) PPARα mobilizes calcium from bone using oleic acid as a co-ligand.
D) a protein called the vitamin D receptor binds to 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 to increase serum calcium
levels.
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Vitamin D
Subject: Chapter 10
16. What is the major route of vitamin E excretion?
A) Exhaled air
B) Saliva
C) Component of bile
D) There is no loss by any method.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin E
Subject: Chapter 10
17. Which of the following vitamins functions more like a hormone?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
,Ahead: Vitamin D
Subject: Chapter 10
18. A deficiency of which of the following nutrients leads to petechial hemorrhages?
A) Thiamin
B) Biotin
C) Pantothenic acid
D) Ascorbic acid
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Subject: Chapter 11
19. The conversion or pyruvate to acetyl CoA is dependent on which of the following nutrients?
A) Ascorbic acid
B) Thiamin
C) Riboflavin
D) Vitamin B12
Ans: B
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Subject: Chapter 11
20. Which mineral does vitamin C help absorb?
A) Iron
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Chloride
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Subject: Chapter 11
21. Which of the following is directly involved with the absorption of calcium by the enterocyte?
A) Calmodulin
