Mic 205 Module 3 Exam Questions With Verified Answers Latest Update 2026

MIC 205 MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 gene expression - Answers processes of transcription and translation nucleic acids - Answers macromolecule, like lipids or carbs, that is composed of monomers called nucleotides nucleotides - Answers polymerized monomers that form large strands of nucleic acids. DNA and RNA have different nucleotides. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - Answers the base sequence responsible for carrying and retaining the hereditary information in a cell deoxyribonucleotides - Answers the nucleotides that compose DNA. 3 components: five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base nitrogenous base - Answers nitrogen-containing ring structure responsible for complementary base pairing between nucleic acid strands nucleoside - Answers just the five-carbon sugar and nitrogenous base (no phosphate group) purines - Answers large nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure with a six-carbon ring fused to a five-carbon ring. adenine and guanine pyrimidines - Answers smaller nitrogenous bases that only have a six-carbon ring structure. cytosine and thymine (DNA) and uracil (RNA) 5'-3' phosphodiester bonds - Answers bonds between the phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of the 3' carbon of sugar of the next nucleotide. forms the sugar-phosphate backbone antiparallel - Answers The two strands of DNA are positioned such that the 3' end of one strand faces the 5' end of the other (strands are arranged in reverse matching opposing ends). complementary base pairs - Answers C and G (3 H bonds) T (or U in RNA) and A (2 H bonds). Chargaff's rules. Stabilized by hydrogen bonds. ribonucleic acid (RNA) - Answers structurally similar to DNA, buit different as it is shorter and single stranded and contains ribonucleotides. Important in the process of protein synthesis (translation) and its regulation. ribonucleotides - Answers linked by phosphodiester (2 ester) bonds and contains a ribose, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group. Less stable than DNA. genome - Answers all of an organism's genetic material genes - Answers segments of DNA molecules; individual genes contain the instructional code necessary for synthesizing various proteins, enzymes, or stable RNA molecules genotype - Answers full collection of genes that a cell contains with its genome; not all are expressed simultaneously. phenotype - Answers the set of genes being expressed at any given time, determines the cell's activities and observable characteristics chromosomes - Answers genome is organized into discrete DNA structures - chromosomes - within cells that control cellular activity diploid vs haploid - Answers diploid - cells that contain two copies of each chromosome (many eukaryotic cells) haploid - cells that contain only one copy of each gene (prokaryotes) supercoiling - Answers process by which DNA is twisted to fit inside the cell topoisomerases - Answers proteins involved in supercoiling. help maintain structure of chromosomes, preventing overwinding of DNA during certain cellular processes like DNA replication. histones - Answers DNA-binding proteins that perform various levels of DNA wrapping and attachment to scaffolding proteins chromatin - Answers combo of histones attached to DNA noncoding DNA - Answers regions of the genome that do not encode proteins or stable RNA products. commonly found in areas prior to the start of coding sequences of genes and sequences located between gene. extrachromosomal DNA - Answers additional molecules of DNA located outside the chromosomes, still part of the genome. ex: chromosomes from any organelles like mitochondira or chloroplasts. DNA polymerase I - Answers Exonuclease activity removes RNA primer and replaces it with newly synthesized DNA