NSG 3600 PEDS EXAM 2 - EXAM 2 NOTES EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE

NSG 3600 PEDS EXAM 2 - EXAM 2
NOTES EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE
PEDIATRICS (GALEN COLLEGE OF NU
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, Peds Exam 2 Study Guide jv jv jv jv




Heart Chambers:
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• Right Atrium (Collecting chamber) -
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Peripheral venous return from the superior & inferior vena cava & coronary sinus (70% O2 Sat).
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• Right Ventricle (Pumping chamber) -
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Receives blood from the RA thru the tricuspid valves, the
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n pumps the low O2 blood to the lungs via the pulmonary
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artery.
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• Left Atrium (Collecting chamber) -
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Receives fully oxygenated blood from lungs thru the p
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ulmonary veins (100% O2 Sat) jv jv jv j v




• Left Ventricle (Pumping chamber) -Blood comes from
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the LA thru the bicuspid valves, then pumps it into the systemic circulation via the aorta.
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Heart Valves
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• Atrioventricular (AV) Valves jv jv




o Tricuspid (3 cusps/ “doors”) - jv jv jv jv




Connects RA to RV, opens to allow blood to flow thru to ch
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ambers & closes to prevent backflow
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o Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve (2 cusps) - jv jv jv jv jv



Connects LA to LV, with same concept jv jv jv jv jv jv




• Semilunar Valves (both are tricuspid) jv jv jv jv




o Aortic Valve - jv jv



Located btwn LV & ascending aorta, prevents regur
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gitation into LV jv jv




o Pulmonary Valve - jv jv



Located at the junction of the RV & Pulmonary Artery, prevents regurgitation into R
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V.
Heart Vessels
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• Vena Cava -Carries blood from body into right atrium
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o Superior VC - jv jv


enters from above heart, head, arms, & upper body jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv



o Inferior VC - jv jv


enters from below heart, legs, abd organs, & lower part of
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, the body
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o Pulmonary Arteries -Only artery that carries nonO2 blood
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o Pulmonary Veins -Only vein that carries O2 rich blood
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, Normal Flow jv



 Blood enters the heart thru the superior & inferior vena cava into the right atrium.
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 R atrium contracts, pushes blood thru the tricuspid into the R ventricle.
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 R ventricle contracts, sending blood through the pulmonary valve into
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the pulmonary arteries and to the lungs for oxygenation.
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 Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv jv



left atrium. jv



 Left atrium contracts, moving blood thru the mitral (bicuspid) valve
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into the left ventricle.
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 Left ventricle contracts, pushing blood thru the aortic valve into the
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aorta & out to the body. jv jv jv jv jv




Cardiac Output (CO)jv jv




• Amount of blood ejected from both ventricles per minute
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o CO = SV x HR jv jv jv jv




• Components of CO- SV, Contractility, HR, & Afterload jv jv jv jv jv jv jv




Stroke Volume (SV)
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• Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle each heartbeat
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o SV = Preload x Afterload x Contractility
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Preload = Fluid Volume
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• End diastolic pressure of heart when ventricle is filled w/blood
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• Amount of blood returning to the heart that “loads” it up for the next beat
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Afterload (aortic impedance/wall stress)
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• Amount of pressure that heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular
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v contraction)
Contractility
• The force exerted at contraction, ejecting a stroke volume at a given afterload (arterial pressure) &
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v preload (end-diastolic volume) jv jv




Goals of Therapy for Heart Disease
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• Decrease Preload & Afterload jv jv jv




o Meds: Captopril (ACEs-prils), Bumetanide, Furosemide/thiazides,
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• Increase Contractility jv




o Meds: Digoxin (cardiac Glycoside), Dopamine, Dobutamine jv jv jv jv jv




• Overall decreasing stress on the heart jv jv jv jv jv