BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Erythrocytes contain the enzyme Answer: carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes Answer: the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages Answer: remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages Answer: narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside Answer: in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells Answer: continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis Answer: The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary
endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins Answer: genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the
surface of an erythrocyte
ESV Answer: volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when Answer: stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function Answer: K+, Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ Answer: blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ Answer: blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx Answer: serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
larynx Answer: passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses Answer: resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces Answer: opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus Answer: carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole Answer: carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes Answer: surround the lungs
surfactant Answer: reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli Answer: actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea Answer: normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing Answer: shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance Answer: amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Erythrocytes contain the enzyme Answer: carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes Answer: the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages Answer: remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages Answer: narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside Answer: in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells Answer: continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis Answer: The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary
endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins Answer: genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the
surface of an erythrocyte
ESV Answer: volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when Answer: stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function Answer: K+, Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ Answer: blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ Answer: blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx Answer: serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
larynx Answer: passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses Answer: resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces Answer: opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus Answer: carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole Answer: carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes Answer: surround the lungs
surfactant Answer: reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli Answer: actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea Answer: normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing Answer: shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance Answer: amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
