ACE YOUR 2026/2027 NURS 6512N ADVANCED
HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION:
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What are normal finding when inspecting the lens? Answer: it
should be clear and transparent
◉ What are normal findings when inspecting the sclera? Answer: it
is white and visible above the iris only when eyes are wide open
◉ What are some abnormal findings when inspecting the sclera?
Answer: pigmentation of yellow or green. Senile hyaline plaque is a
dark, slate gray anterior to insertion of medial rectus muscle
◉ How do you inspect and palpate the lacrimal apparatus? Answer:
inspect it by palpating the lower orbital rim near the inner canthus
and the upper temporal orbit.
◉ What do you do if the temporal aspect of the upper eyelid feels
full? Answer: then evert the superior eyelid and inspect the lacrimal
gland which is normally non-palpable with no tenderness and no
regurgitation of fluid from the nasolacrimal duct
,◉ What can cause lacrimal gland enlargement? Answer: tumors,
lymphoid infiltration, sarcoid disease, sjogrens syndrome
◉ How do you test the extraocular movements of CN II, CN IV, CN VI?
Answer: hold the patient's chin and ask them to watch your finder as
it moves through the 6 cardinal fields of gaze. Then have the patient
follow your finger in a vertical plane from ceiling to floor. Movement
should be smooth.
◉ What are the six cardinal fields of gaze? Answer: *Lateral to the
left (left eye lateral rectus, CN IV; right eye medial rectus CNIII)
*Left eye looking laterally and then up (left eye uses superior rectus
and right eye uses inferior oblique)
*Left eye looking laterally and then down (left eye uses inferior
rectus and right eye uses superior oblique
*Lateral to the right (right eye lateral rectus, CN VI; left eye medial
rectus CNIII
*right eye looking laterally and then up (right eye uses superior
rectus and left eye uses inferior oblique)
*right eye looking laterally and then down (right eye uses inferior
rectus and left eye uses superior oblique
◉ Abnormal findings when testing extraocular movements? Answer:
if lid lag occurs or sclera is seen above the iris it may indicate thyroid
disease
,◉ How to test balance of extraocular muscles? Answer: by using the
corneal light reflex. direct the light at nasal bridge from 30 cm and
ask patient to look at a nearby object. Look for convergence of eyes.
if abnormal then do the cover uncover test
◉ Abnormalities when doing the cover uncover test? Answer: eye
moves outward from the midline (exotropic) eye moved inward
toward the nose (esotropia)
◉ What is the proper technique to examine the interior of the eye
with an ophthalmoscope? Answer: examine patient's right eye with
your right eye and patient's left eye with your left eye. Change the
lens with your index finger starting with the setting at 0. get in close
to the patient and stabilize yourself and the patient by placing your
free hand on the patient's shoulder or head. Have the patient look at
a distant fixed point and direct light at pupil from about 12 in away,
visualize red reflex, then approach eye slowly and look for retina.
◉ What structures are visualized in the interior eye with the
ophthalmoscope? Answer: *red reflex of retina first
*retina is red/pink or yellow background and depends on amount of
melanin in skin
*blood vessel will probably be the first structure seen when 3-5 cm
from patient. You will see branching of blood vessels.
*use the branching blood vessels to fing optic disc
, *then look at vascular supply of retina
*venous pulsations may be seen on disc and must be noted
*look at arterioles which are smaller and light reflected from them
are brighter red
* then examine optic disc in which margins should be sharp and well
defined with color of yellow to creamy pink and 1.5cm in diameter
then examine macula by asking patient to look directly at the light
and it will appear as a lighter dot surrounded by an avascular area
◉ What may vessels look like with someone who has HTN? Answer:
they may be narrowing, increased vascular tortuosity, copper wiring
(diffuse red brown reflex), retinal hemorrhage, arteriovenous
nicking
◉ How is a lesion expressed? Answer: for example, being 2 DD from
optic disc at the 2 o clock position and is 2/3 DD long and 1/3 DD
wide
◉ What do myelinated nerve fibers look like in the eye? Answer:
they appear as white area with soft, ill defined peripheral margins
and have no significance
◉ What is papilledema? Answer: it is the loss of definition of the
optic disc margin, vessels are pushed forward and veins dilate.
Caused by increased ICP
HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION:
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What are normal finding when inspecting the lens? Answer: it
should be clear and transparent
◉ What are normal findings when inspecting the sclera? Answer: it
is white and visible above the iris only when eyes are wide open
◉ What are some abnormal findings when inspecting the sclera?
Answer: pigmentation of yellow or green. Senile hyaline plaque is a
dark, slate gray anterior to insertion of medial rectus muscle
◉ How do you inspect and palpate the lacrimal apparatus? Answer:
inspect it by palpating the lower orbital rim near the inner canthus
and the upper temporal orbit.
◉ What do you do if the temporal aspect of the upper eyelid feels
full? Answer: then evert the superior eyelid and inspect the lacrimal
gland which is normally non-palpable with no tenderness and no
regurgitation of fluid from the nasolacrimal duct
,◉ What can cause lacrimal gland enlargement? Answer: tumors,
lymphoid infiltration, sarcoid disease, sjogrens syndrome
◉ How do you test the extraocular movements of CN II, CN IV, CN VI?
Answer: hold the patient's chin and ask them to watch your finder as
it moves through the 6 cardinal fields of gaze. Then have the patient
follow your finger in a vertical plane from ceiling to floor. Movement
should be smooth.
◉ What are the six cardinal fields of gaze? Answer: *Lateral to the
left (left eye lateral rectus, CN IV; right eye medial rectus CNIII)
*Left eye looking laterally and then up (left eye uses superior rectus
and right eye uses inferior oblique)
*Left eye looking laterally and then down (left eye uses inferior
rectus and right eye uses superior oblique
*Lateral to the right (right eye lateral rectus, CN VI; left eye medial
rectus CNIII
*right eye looking laterally and then up (right eye uses superior
rectus and left eye uses inferior oblique)
*right eye looking laterally and then down (right eye uses inferior
rectus and left eye uses superior oblique
◉ Abnormal findings when testing extraocular movements? Answer:
if lid lag occurs or sclera is seen above the iris it may indicate thyroid
disease
,◉ How to test balance of extraocular muscles? Answer: by using the
corneal light reflex. direct the light at nasal bridge from 30 cm and
ask patient to look at a nearby object. Look for convergence of eyes.
if abnormal then do the cover uncover test
◉ Abnormalities when doing the cover uncover test? Answer: eye
moves outward from the midline (exotropic) eye moved inward
toward the nose (esotropia)
◉ What is the proper technique to examine the interior of the eye
with an ophthalmoscope? Answer: examine patient's right eye with
your right eye and patient's left eye with your left eye. Change the
lens with your index finger starting with the setting at 0. get in close
to the patient and stabilize yourself and the patient by placing your
free hand on the patient's shoulder or head. Have the patient look at
a distant fixed point and direct light at pupil from about 12 in away,
visualize red reflex, then approach eye slowly and look for retina.
◉ What structures are visualized in the interior eye with the
ophthalmoscope? Answer: *red reflex of retina first
*retina is red/pink or yellow background and depends on amount of
melanin in skin
*blood vessel will probably be the first structure seen when 3-5 cm
from patient. You will see branching of blood vessels.
*use the branching blood vessels to fing optic disc
, *then look at vascular supply of retina
*venous pulsations may be seen on disc and must be noted
*look at arterioles which are smaller and light reflected from them
are brighter red
* then examine optic disc in which margins should be sharp and well
defined with color of yellow to creamy pink and 1.5cm in diameter
then examine macula by asking patient to look directly at the light
and it will appear as a lighter dot surrounded by an avascular area
◉ What may vessels look like with someone who has HTN? Answer:
they may be narrowing, increased vascular tortuosity, copper wiring
(diffuse red brown reflex), retinal hemorrhage, arteriovenous
nicking
◉ How is a lesion expressed? Answer: for example, being 2 DD from
optic disc at the 2 o clock position and is 2/3 DD long and 1/3 DD
wide
◉ What do myelinated nerve fibers look like in the eye? Answer:
they appear as white area with soft, ill defined peripheral margins
and have no significance
◉ What is papilledema? Answer: it is the loss of definition of the
optic disc margin, vessels are pushed forward and veins dilate.
Caused by increased ICP
