TEXAS PPR EXAM (TX TEACHERS REVIEW) | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Answer: Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist,
developed a theory of how cognition develops and changes over time. Piaget proposed that a
child's intellect progresses through four stages: 1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) 2.
Preoperational (2 to 7 years) 3. Concrete operational (7 to 11 years) 4. Formal operational (11
years to adulthood) Children learn through active interaction and manipulation of the
environment. The stage the child is in determines how they see the world. Piaget believed all
students pass through the stages in order and cannot skip any stage.
Schemes Answer: Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive structures that help children
process and organize information to make sense of the environment
Assimilation Answer: Understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes
Accommodation Answer: Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations in the environment.
When old ways of dealing with the environment don't work, a child modifies an existing scheme
stimulated by new information or a new experience
Adaptation Answer: The process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment through
assimilation or accommodation. According to Piaget, this is how learning occurs.
Equilibration Answer: The process of restoring balance between present understanding and new
experiences. According to Piaget, learning depends on this process so it is important for teachers
to confront students with new experiences or data to advance their cognitive development.
Disequilibrium Answer: 7 of 124
Disequilibrium
An imbalance between what a child understands and what the child encounters through new
experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage Answer: The earliest stage (birth to 2 years) of cognitive development
during which infants learn about the environment by using their senses and motor skills.
Children develop "object permanence" and progress from reflexive behavior to goal-directed
behavior.
Object Permanence Answer: The fact that objects are physically stable and exist even when the
objects are not in the child's physical presence. This enables the child to start using symbols to
represent things in their minds so they can think about them.
Preoperational Stage Answer: The second stage (2 to 7 years) of cognitive development in
which children learn to represent things in their mind. During this stage students develop the
ability to use symbols to represent objects in the world. Thinking remains egocentric and
centered.
Egocentric Answer: Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Answer: Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist,
developed a theory of how cognition develops and changes over time. Piaget proposed that a
child's intellect progresses through four stages: 1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) 2.
Preoperational (2 to 7 years) 3. Concrete operational (7 to 11 years) 4. Formal operational (11
years to adulthood) Children learn through active interaction and manipulation of the
environment. The stage the child is in determines how they see the world. Piaget believed all
students pass through the stages in order and cannot skip any stage.
Schemes Answer: Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive structures that help children
process and organize information to make sense of the environment
Assimilation Answer: Understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes
Accommodation Answer: Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations in the environment.
When old ways of dealing with the environment don't work, a child modifies an existing scheme
stimulated by new information or a new experience
Adaptation Answer: The process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment through
assimilation or accommodation. According to Piaget, this is how learning occurs.
Equilibration Answer: The process of restoring balance between present understanding and new
experiences. According to Piaget, learning depends on this process so it is important for teachers
to confront students with new experiences or data to advance their cognitive development.
Disequilibrium Answer: 7 of 124
Disequilibrium
An imbalance between what a child understands and what the child encounters through new
experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage Answer: The earliest stage (birth to 2 years) of cognitive development
during which infants learn about the environment by using their senses and motor skills.
Children develop "object permanence" and progress from reflexive behavior to goal-directed
behavior.
Object Permanence Answer: The fact that objects are physically stable and exist even when the
objects are not in the child's physical presence. This enables the child to start using symbols to
represent things in their minds so they can think about them.
Preoperational Stage Answer: The second stage (2 to 7 years) of cognitive development in
which children learn to represent things in their mind. During this stage students develop the
ability to use symbols to represent objects in the world. Thinking remains egocentric and
centered.
Egocentric Answer: Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
