AC-HPAT Biology comprehensive
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions
Question 1:
Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes
Answer:
The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role
in regulating blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the
pancreas does not make enough or any insulin.
Question 2:
How does insulin work in diabetes?
Answer:
Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the
human pancreas works by delivering small doses of short acting insulin
continuously (basal rate). The device also is used to deliver variable
amounts of insulin when a meal is eaten (bolus)
,Question 3:
chemotherapy
Answer:
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill
fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat
cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than
most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as
cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target specific areas,
chemo can work throughout your body. But it can also affect some
fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and bone
marrow.
Question 4:
How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how
effective is it?
Answer:
Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your bone marrow with
new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new stem cells from
your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is effective
against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune cells
of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia
or bone-marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
Question 5:
Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in
removing cancerous tumours?
Answer:
Lasers are more precise than standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they
do less damage to normal tissues. As a result, patients usually have less
pain, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. With laser therapy, operations are
usually shorter.
,Question 6:
Urinary system
Answer:
· The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract,
consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of
the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood
volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites,
and regulate blood pH
Question 7:
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive
detection of cancer-related mol-
Answer:
ecules, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they
occur only in a small percentage of cells.
Question 8:
Mercury poisoning
Answer:
The most common cause of mercury poisoning is from consuming too
much methyl mercury or organic mercury, which is linked to eating
seafood. Small amounts of mercury are present in everyday foods and
products, which may not affect your health. Too much mercury, however,
can be poisonous. Mercury salts affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract
and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage; however, as they
cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these salts inflict little
neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
, Question 9:
How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the cells of the human eye?
Answer:
UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss
for older Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also cause
some kinds of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens,
the part of the eye that focuses the light we see.
Question 10:
Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules composed of
thousands of covalently con-
Answer:
nected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all
macromolecules. Macromolecules are formed by many monomers linking
together, forming a polymer.
Question 11:
passive transport Passive transport is a movement of ions and other
atomic or molecular substances
Answer:
across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active
transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is
instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy.
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions
Question 1:
Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes
Answer:
The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role
in regulating blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the
pancreas does not make enough or any insulin.
Question 2:
How does insulin work in diabetes?
Answer:
Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the
human pancreas works by delivering small doses of short acting insulin
continuously (basal rate). The device also is used to deliver variable
amounts of insulin when a meal is eaten (bolus)
,Question 3:
chemotherapy
Answer:
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill
fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat
cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than
most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as
cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target specific areas,
chemo can work throughout your body. But it can also affect some
fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and bone
marrow.
Question 4:
How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how
effective is it?
Answer:
Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your bone marrow with
new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new stem cells from
your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is effective
against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune cells
of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia
or bone-marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
Question 5:
Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in
removing cancerous tumours?
Answer:
Lasers are more precise than standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they
do less damage to normal tissues. As a result, patients usually have less
pain, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. With laser therapy, operations are
usually shorter.
,Question 6:
Urinary system
Answer:
· The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract,
consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of
the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood
volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites,
and regulate blood pH
Question 7:
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive
detection of cancer-related mol-
Answer:
ecules, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they
occur only in a small percentage of cells.
Question 8:
Mercury poisoning
Answer:
The most common cause of mercury poisoning is from consuming too
much methyl mercury or organic mercury, which is linked to eating
seafood. Small amounts of mercury are present in everyday foods and
products, which may not affect your health. Too much mercury, however,
can be poisonous. Mercury salts affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract
and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage; however, as they
cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these salts inflict little
neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
, Question 9:
How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the cells of the human eye?
Answer:
UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss
for older Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also cause
some kinds of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens,
the part of the eye that focuses the light we see.
Question 10:
Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules composed of
thousands of covalently con-
Answer:
nected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all
macromolecules. Macromolecules are formed by many monomers linking
together, forming a polymer.
Question 11:
passive transport Passive transport is a movement of ions and other
atomic or molecular substances
Answer:
across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active
transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is
instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy.
